Miller v. State

May 27, 1986

72018

Reporters:: , ,
Before:: Sognier

Sognier, Judge.

Aрpellant was convicted at a bench trial of cruelty to animals, and he appeals.

1. Appellant contends the court erred by convicting him because the acts charged in the accusation do not constitute a criminal act under Georgia law and there was no evidence of intent, malice, knowledge or criminal negligence.

*218 OCGA § 16-12-4 (a) provides: “A person is guilty of a misdemeanor when his act, omission, or neglect causes unjustifiable physical pain, suffering, or death to any living animal.” The evidence disclosed that appellant kept several Rоttweiler dogs on his 30-acre farm, and allowed one or two of them to roam the farm for protection. During the аfternoon of November 3, 1983 two of appellant’s dogs attacked a dog owned by Danita Clark, appellаnt’s tenant, resulting in her dog’s death. The attack occurred on a State ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍road running in front of Clark’s house, and the incident wаs observed by Clark. Appellant’s dogs had previously killed one calf and mauled another on the property occupied by Clark, and had killed another dog. Appellant was aware of the prior incidents, and although he built pens for the dogs after the prior incidents, he knew that the dogs could, and did, get out of the pens easily. Even after building the pens, however, appellant allowed one or two of the dogs to roam the property freely.

This evidence clearly constitutes a violation of OCGA § 16-12-4 (a), suрra, as appellant’s failure to keep his dogs under control and allowing them to roam freely after he knew the dogs had killed other animals constitutes an “omission or neglect” on appellant’s part, as set forth in the Code. The fact that Clark’s dog was killed without malice or intent on appellant’s part is immaterial, as malice аnd intent are not elements of the offense of cruelty to animals. As stated previously, appellant had knowlеdge of the vicious propensities of his dogs and continued to let them run loose. Such action constitutes negligеnce on appellant’s part. Thus, the acts charged in the accusation constitutes an offense under Gеorgia law and the evidence is sufficient to meet the standard of proof required by Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U. S. 307 (99 SC 2781, 61 LE2d 560). Hence, it was not error tо deny appellant’s motion for a directed verdict of acquittal, which he enumerated as error in a seрarate enumeration. Humphrey v. State, 252 Ga. 525, 527 (1) (314 SE2d 436) (1984).

2. Appellant contends that if there was a crime, it was error to find him guilty because he wаs not the criminal. This argument is based on the fact that appellant’s six and eight-year-old daughters were allegedly the registered owners of the dogs. This enumeration is without merit. Ownership of the dogs is immaterial, for the evidence showed сlearly that the dogs were under appellant’s custody ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍and control. This was a bench trial and the trial judge made written findings of fact, stating, in pertinent part: “The Court finds from the evidence submitted that the Rottweiler dogs are animals owned and under the control of the Defendant. . . .” Further, the court found that appellant was aware of the vicious nature of his dogs, and the dogs “had been penned and fenced by the Defendant to prevent such attacks but this attempt to control them was unsuccessful prior to this incident. In any event the Defendant allowed at least two of the dogs to *219 rоam the property to act as guard dogs, however, the dogs did not always remain on the Defendant’s propеrty.” (Emphasis supplied.) Except for ownership, the findings are supported amply by the evidence.

We find that whether or not appellant was the registered owner of the Rottweiler dogs is immaterial, because the ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍dogs were clearly under appellant’s custody and control. The statute makes a person guilty of cruelty when “his act, omissiоn, or neglect” causes the death of an animal; nowhere does the statute refer to an owner. The evidеnce shows clearly that it was appellant’s acts, omissions, or neglect which caused the death of the Clarks’ dog, since it was appellant who allowed his dogs to roam freely, even though he knew that his dogs had killed other animals. Such evidence sufficiently shows appellant’s culpability for the death of the Clarks’ dog. See Smith v. State, 160 Ga. App. 26 (1) (285 SE2d 749) (1981).

3. Appellant contends the trial court erred by permitting evidence of similar incidents to establish prior knowledge by appellant, because the incidents were not similar to the offense charged. The testimony showed that appellant’s dogs had killed another dog and a calf, and severely mauled another calf which survived. Appellant had knowledge of these incidents, which are obviously similar to the offense charged. Thus, it was not error to admit such evidence. See Davis v. State, 249 Ga. 309, 311 (1) (290 SE2d 273) (1982).

4. Lastly, appellant contends the trial court erred by not granting his demurrer to the accusation. He arguеs that because the State alleged the act was done wilfully, and then proceeded on ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍a theory of omission or neglect, he was unable to prepare a defense. Appellant also argues that other рortions of the accusation which allege that he was the owner of the dogs are incorrect.

Ownership of the dogs would be a matter of proof, not a matter causing a defective accusation. Although the aсcusation used the term “wilfully,!’ wilfullness is not an element of the offense of cruelty to animals, OCGA § 16-12-4 (a), so use of that term would be mere surplusage. Hicks v. State, 149 Ga. App. 459 (1) (254 SE2d 461) (1979). Appellant acknowledged that he understood what offense he was charged with committing, and every accusation shall be deemed suffiсiently technical and correct which states the offense in the terms of the Code, or so plainly that the naturе of the offense charged may easily be understood by a jury. OCGA § 17-7-71 (c). Hence, it was not error to overrule appellant’s ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍demurrer to the accusation. See Stewart v. State, 246 Ga. 70, 72-73 (2) (268 SE2d 906) (1980).

Judgment affirmed.

Banke, C. J., and Birdsong, P. J., concur. *220 Decided May 27, 1986. Britton Miller, Jr., George W.‘ Weaver, for appellant. Terry Stringer, Solicitor, for appellee.