75 Me. 69 | Me. | 1883
The action is upon the following note :
"Littleton, Me. Oct. 26, 1880.
"For value received we jointly or separately agree to pay Nathan B. Milbery, of Wicklow, N. B. or order, the sum of nine hundred dollars with interest, at nine per cent, the same is for «eighteen thousand fruit trees, the same to be paid June 1, 1881.
Witnessed by Hall E. Storer,
George C. Hayward, Jr. John B. Weed,
George C. Hayward, Jr.”
The note was not witnessed in the presence or with the consent of Weed. The witness saw him sign the note, and after-\wards, before the note was accepted by the payee, put his own
This enunciation correctly states the general rule, but the rule admits of an exception. The rule does not apply to a case where a person sees the maker sign, and afterwards adds his own name as a witness, behind the back of the maker, without his knowledge and consent, the act having been done or procured to be done through honest motives and without any wrongful intent. The law shrinks from applying the severest rule in such a case, but pardons the act upon the grounds of expediency and for the public good. It is a somewhat common belief among the masses of the people that, if a person sees another sign an instrument, or if he knows his hand writing, such person may attest his knowledge of the fact by signing the instrument as a witness without the maker’s knowledge or consent. This is often the case with contracts, bonds and deeds, as well as with promissory notes. It is better that a maker or promisor should occasionally and accidentally have such a slight risk or chance of injury imposed upon him, than that many important deeds and notes should become through innocent mistake invalidated and lost.
The general rule was reluctantly sustained by the Massachusetts court in the case of Homer v. Wallis, 11 Mass. 309. In that case the witness did not see the maker sign the note. In Smith v. Dunham, 8 Pick. 246, the exception to the rule, or its qualification, was established. The court held that, the act being innocently done, it did not amount to a technical alteration. In Ford v. Ford, 17 Pick. 418, it was held to be a harmless act to add a witness to an instrument without the maker’s consent, the instrument having been witnessed before. In that case no fraud was suggested. In Adams v. Frye, 3 Metc. 103, the obligee of an unattested bond got a person, who knew the hand writing
We regard the doctrine as fully established by our own adjudications. In Brackett v. Mountfort, 11 Maine, 115, it was held that the note was avoided by such an unauthorized alteration. In that case the witness did not see the maker of the note sign his name, and he added his own name thereto more than ten years after the note was made. The court evidently regarded it' as a fraudulent alteration. In Rollins v. Bartlett, 20 Maine, 319, it was held that the validity of a note would not be destroyed by a subscribing witness attesting the note generally, when he saw only one of the three promisors execute the note, the act being done without a wrongful intention. In Thornton v. Appleton, 29 Maine, 298, the attesting witness saw the maker sign the note, and afterwards, without the knowledge and consent of the maker, at the request of the payee witnessed the same. But this act, it was held, did not annul the note, it being done without an intention to defraud. Mr. Parsons (2 Bills and Notes, 555,) approves the doctiine unhesitatingly. Other' authorities could be added.- Procuring such an attestation would be prima facie evidence of fraudulent intent. But that may be rebutted and disproved.
What may be the effect of adding a new maker to the note before delivery, without the consent of the other promisors, is
Exceptions sustained.