617 N.W.2d 725 | Mich. Ct. App. | 2000
MICHIGAN EDUCATIONAL EMPLOEES MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff/Counterdefendant-Appellant,
v.
Leonard H. TUROW, Meyer Segal, and Sandra Segal, Defendants-Appellees, and
Levy Van Leeuwen, Defendant, and
Alamo Rent-A-Car, Inc., Defendant/Counterplaintiff-Appellee.
Court of Appeals of Michigan.
*726 Galbraith & Booms (by Steven B. Galbraith and Laura A. Phillips), Southfield, for Michigan Educational Employees Mutual Insurance Company.
Wigod, Falzon & DiCicco, P.C. (by Gerald E. Wigod), Southfield, for Meyer and Sandra Segal.
Plunkett & Cooney, P.C. (by Ernest R. Bazzana), Detroit, for Alamo Rent-A-Car, Inc.
Before: O'CONNELL, P.J., and MICHAEL J. KELLY and WHITBECK, JJ.
*727 O'CONNELL, P.J.
This declaratory judgment action stems from an underlying case involving an automobile accident. The parties do not dispute the essential facts in this case. On August 7, 1994, Meyer Segal rented a 1994 Chevrolet Astro van from Alamo Rent-A-Car, Inc. Segal listed Levy Van Leeuwen on the rental agreement as an authorized driver of the vehicle. Van Leeuwen was the brother of Meyer Segal's wife, Sandra Segal, and was visiting the Segals from Israel. Meyer Segal permitted Van Leeuwen to take the van to Chicago to visit other relatives. On August 10, 1994, Van Leeuwen was driving the van in Chicago when he had an accident with Leonard Turow. Turow filed a complaint in the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois, against the Segals and Van Leeuwen, seeking damages for injuries that he sustained as a result of the accident.
At some point, Alamo informed the Segals' no-fault automobile liability insurer, Michigan Educational Employees Mutual Insurance Company (MEEMIC), that Alamo believed it was not liable for coverage of the accident. MEEMIC then sought a declaratory ruling that it was not obligated to defend or indemnify the Segals or Van Leeuwen in the underlying case. Alamo filed a countercomplaint against MEEMIC in which it sought similar declaratory relief.
The trial court granted in part, and denied in part, motions for summary disposition by Alamo and MEEMIC. The court ruled that MEEMIC's insurance policy with the Segals obligated MEEMIC to defend the Segals in the underlying litigation and that MEEMIC was obligated to pay for the property damage to the rental vehicle. The court further ordered MEEMIC to pay the Segals' attorney fees associated with defending the declaratory judgment action. MEEMIC appeals as of right. We affirm, but remand for a determination regarding attorney fees.
MEEMIC first argues that the trial court erred in ruling that no genuine issue of material fact existed regarding the MEEMIC policy's coverage of the accident. This Court reviews de novo a trial court's grant or denial of summary disposition in a declaratory judgment action. Unisys Corp. v. Comm'r of Ins., 236 Mich.App. 686, 689, 601 N.W.2d 155 (1999). "When reviewing an order of summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(10), [this Court] must consider the available pleadings, affidavits, depositions, and other documentary evidence in a light most favorable to the nonmoving party and determine whether the moving party was entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Id.
"In determining whether an insurance policy applies, this Court must first determine whether the policy is clear and unambiguous on its face. In doing so, the insurance contract should be read and interpreted as a whole." Taylor v. Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Michigan, 205 Mich.App. 644, 649, 517 N.W.2d 864 (1994). To determine whether an event is covered by a liability insurance policy, a court must first consider whether the event is within the scope of the policy before considering whether the policy otherwise excludes the event. Fire Ins. Exchange v. Diehl, 450 Mich. 678, 683, 545 N.W.2d 602 (1996). The scope of the coverage is determined with reference to the terms of the insurance contract. Id.
MEEMIC claims that its policy did not afford coverage in the instant case because the underlying litigation involved neither an "insured person" nor an "insured car," as those terms were defined in the policy. We disagree. The policy provided:
Subject to the Definitions, Exclusions, Conditions and Limits of Liability of this Policy, we will pay damages for which an insured person is legally liable because of bodily injury or property damage arising out of the ownership, maintenance, or use ... of an insured car.
The definition of an "insured person" under this provision includes the named insureds, the Segals, with respect to the use of "other cars." The policy's definition of *728 an "insured car" includes an "other car," which the policy defined as "any car that you or any resident of your household does not own, lease for 31 days or more, or have furnished or available for frequent or regular use." The policy further stated that "Insured Person(s) means: For Other Cars, used with the permission of a person having the right to grant it...."
The Segals were the insured persons under the policy. Further, the rental car was an "insured car," because it was a car that the Segals did not own, it was not leased for thirty-one days or more, and it was not available for frequent or regular use. The trial court correctly ruled that no genuine issue of material fact existed on this point and that the MEEMIC policy afforded coverage to the Segals in the underlying litigation.[1]
Additionally, the rental agreement between Meyer Segal and Alamo provided that Segal was responsible for damage to the car.[2] The terms of the MEEMIC policy provided that MEEMIC was responsible for property damage to "other cars," subject to an exclusion that the trial court found to be inapplicable, and which MEEMIC does not challenge on appeal. Therefore, MEEMIC was also responsible for damage to the rental car.
MEEMIC claims that even if its policy provided coverage under these circumstances, Alamo, as the owner of the vehicle, had the duty to defend the Segals. The duty to defend and the duty to indemnify are distinct and separable duties. American Bumper & Mfg. Co. v. Hartford Fire Ins. Co., 452 Mich. 440, 451, n. 12, 550 N.W.2d 475 (1996); Allstate Ins. Co. v. Elassal, 203 Mich.App. 548, 556, n. 3, 512 N.W.2d 856 (1994). An insurer's duty to defend "arises solely from the language of the insurance contract." Stockdale v. Jamison, 416 Mich. 217, 224, 330 N.W.2d 389 (1982).
The rental agreement between Segal and Alamo did not provide for the defense of claims. In the absence of any such contract to defend, Alamo had no duty to defend the Segals in the underlying litigation. Id. The express terms of MEEMIC's policy, however, clearly required MEEMIC to defend the Segals in the underlying case. Because Alamo had no contractual obligation to defend the Segals, Alamo owed no duty in this regard. We therefore agree with the trial court that MEEMIC, rather than Alamo, had the duty to defend the Segals.
We reject MEEMIC's reliance on Frankenmuth Mut. Ins. Co., Inc. v. Continental Ins. Co., 450 Mich. 429, 537 N.W.2d 879 (1995). That case involved two insurance carriers, each of which had a contractual duty to defend. Id. at 436-437, 537 N.W.2d 879. In the instant case, only MEEMIC had a contractual duty to defend.
We also reject MEEMIC's contention that requiring MEEMIC to defend in the underlying litigation would undermine the intent of the Supreme Court's holding in State Farm Mut. Automobile Ins. Co. v. Enterprise Leasing Co., 452 Mich. 25, 549 N.W.2d 345 (1996). Enterprise involved rental agreements of three car rental companies that purported to shift the responsibility for primary coverage from the rental company, the owner of the vehicle, to the renter's insurer. Id. at 27-28, 549 N.W.2d 345. The Supreme Court held that such a provision was void, as violative of the nofault act, and held that "car rental companies must provide primary insurance coverage for liability arising out of the use of their vehicles." Id. at 32, 549 N.W.2d 345. As the trial court in the present case correctly stated, the no-fault act was intended to protect the injured party, not the insured. See Walker v. Farmers Ins. Exchange, *729 226 Mich.App. 75, 78, 572 N.W.2d 17 (1997). The trial court's ruling, requiring MEEMIC to provide a defense, rather than Alamo, where the MEEMIC policy clearly affords coverage, including a contractual obligation to defend, would not frustrate the purpose of Enterprise, supra.
MEEMIC next argues that the trial court erred in ordering MEEMIC to pay the Segals' attorney fees incurred in defending this declaratory judgment action. We review a trial court's decision to award attorney fees for clear error, Schadewald v. Bruleacute;, 225 Mich.App. 26, 41, 570 N.W.2d 788 (1997), and the award itself for an abuse of discretion. In re Attorney Fees & Costs, 233 Mich.App. 694, 704, 593 N.W.2d 589 (1999). The Segals requested attorney fees pursuant to MCR 2.605(F), which allows trial courts to grant "necessary or proper relief based on a declaratory judgment...." The trial court granted the Segals' request without citation of authority. While MCR 2.605(F) was not a proper basis on which to grant attorney fees because it does not expressly authorize a trial court to do so, see, generally, Schiebout v. Citizens Ins. Co. of America, 140 Mich.App. 804, 814, 366 N.W.2d 45 (1985), and cases cited therein, we note that MCR 2.114(E) and (F) granted the court the authority to sanction MEEMIC for bringing the declaratory action for an improper purpose or for filing a frivolous claim.
The Segals found themselves caught in the middle of a dispute between two insurance companies. We agree with the crux of the Segals' request for sanctions, which was that MEEMIC's claim that the policy did not cover the underlying accident was without merit pursuant to the plain language of the policy. Review of this issue is problematic, however, because the trial court neither stated the reasons for its decision to grant the Segals' request for attorney fees nor cited a specific court rule. We therefore remand to the trial court so that it may provide its reasoning behind the order imposing the Segals' attorney fees on MEEMIC. If the basis for the court's decision was MCR 2.605(F), then the award of attorney fees is vacated. However, if the court relied on MCR 2.114(E) or (F), then we affirm.
Affirmed, but remanded for resolution of the trial court's ruling regarding attorney fees. We do not retain jurisdiction.
NOTES
[1] MEEMIC argues on appeal that Van Leeuwen was not an insured person under the policy. The trial court agreed and expressly stated that, under the policy, MEEMIC owed no duty to Van Leeuwen, only to the Segals.
[2] This Court upheld the validity of such contractual language in Universal Underwriters Ins. Co. v. Kneeland, 235 Mich.App. 646, 651, 599 N.W.2d 519 (1999).