230 Mich. App. 44 | Mich. Ct. App. | 1998
The sole issue in these interlocutory appeals is whether judgment creditors of a decedent’s estate may collect from continuing installments of prize money issuing from the decedent’s participation in the state lottery. The trial court ruled that the proceeds are to be paid directly to the decedent’s surviv
In November 1986, James Ware won $2,000,000 in the state Jackpot Super Lotto, the winnings to be paid in installments of $100,000 each year for twenty years.
Ware owned residential property at 19167 Gilchrist in Detroit, but failed to pay the property taxes, and defendants Jerry and Harold Stehlik acquired the property through a tax deed. On September 28, 1994, a notice to quit the premises was served on Ware’s daughter, who was inhabiting the property, directing her to vacate the premises by October 29, 1994. On the latter date, an explosion and fire occurred on this property, resulting in extensive personal injury and property damage. Ware himself was severely injured in the incident, succumbing to the injuries several days afterward. Ware died intestate, survived by his wife and several children.
Several individuals injured in the explosion and fire, and the insurer of several property owners who suffered losses in the incident, commenced actions against Ware’s estate, alleging that Ware had intentionally caused the conflagration. The cases were consolidated for discovery and trial.
The personal representative of Ware’s estate asked the circuit court for a declaratory judgment concerning whether the continuing payments of Ware’s lotteiy winnings would be subject to the claims of plaintiffs in the event that they prevailed in their suits against the estate. After hearing arguments regarding the motion, the court ruled that the remaining lottery payments would pass directly to Ware’s immediate family members and outside the reach of Ware’s judgment
The question whether judgment creditors of the estate of a lottery prizewinner who died intestate leaving a spouse and children may collect from the continuing lottery payments is a matter of first impression. The legislation governing this controversy read at the time relevant to these appeals as follows:
(1) The right of any person to a prize drawn from the state lottery is not assignable, except that payment of any prize drawn may be paid to the family members or to the estate of a deceased prizewinner as provided in subsection (2), to a person pursuant to an appropriate judicial order, or to the state pursuant to section 32 [if the prizewinner has a liability to the state, or a support arrearage]. The commissioner shall be discharged of all further liability upon payment of a prize pursuant to this section.
(2) If a prizewinner dies before collecting the full amount of his or her prize drawn from the state lottery, the bureau shall continue to make the remaining prize payments to the prizewinner’s surviving spouse and the prizewinner’s living children, in equal proportions, unless otherwise directed by the prizewinner. If there is not a surviving spouse or living children or other designated beneficiaries, the remaining prize payments shall be made to the prizewinner’s estate. [MCL 432.25; MSA 18.969(25).]
We review questions of statutory construction de novo. Haworth, Inc v Wickes Mfg Co, 210 Mich App 222, 227; 532 NW2d 903 (1995). Plaintiffs argue that the statute expressly permits creditors to reach the lottery winnings through an “appropriate judicial
Regarding the statutory language itself, plaintiffs emphasize the provision for payment to “a person pursuant to an appropriate judicial order” in subsection 25(1), arguing that this language expressly preserves plaintiffs’ right to seek court orders attaching the continuing lottery payments. However, the trial court concluded that subsection 25(1) establishes three distinct exceptions to its general rule prohibiting assignments of lottery prizes and that where the facts call for exercise of the provision for payments directly to a deceased prizewinner’s family, that provision must control. We agree.
The primary purpose of statutory interpretation is to ascertain and give effect to the intent of the Legislature. Haworth, supra at 227. To the extent possible, each provision of a statute should be given effect, and each should be read to harmonize with all others. Gebhardt v O’Rourke, 444 Mich 535, 542; 510 NW2d 900 (1994). Where a specific statutory provision differs from a related general provision, the specific one controls. Id. at 542-543. In the instant case, the plain wording of subsection 25(2) states that the winnings
Further, the conformity of this construction with legislative intent is apparent from the history of the legislation in question. Before the 1988 amendment, MCL 432.25; MSA 18.969(25) announced only two exceptions to the general nonassignability of lottery prizes — that winnings could be paid to a deceased prizewinner’s estate or to a person pursuant to an appropriate judicial order. When the Legislature promulgates new legislation, it is presumed to do so with knowledge of related existing legislation and to have intended to effect a change. Walen v Dep’t of Corrections, 443 Mich 240, 248; 505 NW2d 519 (1993). Thus, the Legislature’s amendment covering distribution of lottery winnings due a prizewinner who has died leaving immediate family or a designated beneficiary should be understood as a manifestation of the specific legislative intent to alter existing law to allow
Nor does an administrative rule promulgated before the 1988 amendment undermine its effect. Plaintiffs rely on 1979 AC, R 432.17(4):
Upon the death of a prize winner who has not yet collected the full amount of his prize, the bureau shall continue payment to the estate of the winner until the full amount is paid unless instructed by an appropriate court order to make payment to another recipient. Payment of prize money shall not be accelerated before its normal date of payment because of the death of a prize winner.
This rule clearly reflects MCL 432.25; MSA 18.969(25) as it read before the 1988 amendment. Although this Court may afford an administrative agency’s interpretation of a statute some deference, the agency’s interpretation is not binding on this Court and cannot be used to override the plain meaning of the statute. Watson v Bureau of State Lottery, 224 Mich App 639, 649; 569 NW2d 878 (1997), citing Ludington Service Corp v Acting Comm’r of Ins, 444 Mich 481, 505; 511 NW2d 661 (1994), amended 444 Mich 1240 (1994). This principle applies particularly where, as here, the rule cited does not take into account subsequent legislative enactments. Accordingly, 1979 AC, R 432.17(4) affords no basis for circumscribing the provisions now in place under MCL 432.25; MSA 18.969(25) for paying lottery proceeds directly to the
Regarding plaintiffs’ argument that the circuit court’s interpretation of the statute creates conflict with the Revised Probate Code, plaintiffs’ reliance on the latter in hopes of tapping Ware’s lottery prize is misplaced. Plaintiffs cite MCL 700.117; MSA 27.5117, which provides for recovery of charges against an intestate estate, and MCL 700.192; MSA 27.5192, which establishes the priority of such claims. Although those provisions do provide judgment creditors with access to a decedent’s estate, they do not apply in the instant case because Ware’s continuing lottery payments will go directly to his family members and never be part of Ware’s estate. The Legislature has created an avenue through which lotteiy winnings may pass as nonprobate assets. Thus, there is no conflict between the legislation at issue and the Revised Probate Code.
Affirmed.
Nor does this construction of the Lotteiy Act conflict with Watson, supra, or B P 7 v Bureau of State Lottery, 225 Mich App 811; 572 NW2d 663 (1977), vacated 225 Mich App 811 (1997). Both cases concerned prizewinners wishing to assign continuing lottery installments to a corporation in exchange for present cash value. In Watson, a panel of this Court affirmed a judicial order allowing the assignments, but in B P 7 another panel affirmed such a judicial order only because it was obliged to follow Watson. Because both cases concerned voluntary assignments by the prizewinners of future lottery installments in exchange for present cash value, those cases, and the pending decision by the conflict panel, see id., have no bearing on the instant case. Where, as here, the prizewinner dies before collecting all the prize, because the applicable statute specifically provides for the payment of the continuing installments directly to the prizewinner’s immediate family members or designated beneficiary, the interest of such survivors in the remaining prize vests immediately upon the prizewinner’s death. Thus, no “appropriate judicial order” will allow potential creditors, who have yet to prove their case against the estate, to claim an interest in winnings passing directly to those others as a nonprobate asset.