This is an appeal from a judgment for damages rendered in favor of Appellee in an action brought under the Jones Act, 46 U.S.C. 688. Respecting the primary questions presented, we hold that there is sufficient evidence to support the jury’s finding that Appellee was a Jones Act seaman at the time of his October 1979 injury; that the admission of evidence of maintenance payments made by Appellant to Appellee was not reversible error; and that there is sufficient evidence to support the jury’s finding that Appellee was contributorily negligent. The trial court’s judgment is affirmed.
I.
Appellant Otto Candies, Inc. is engaged in the marine transportation business. It employs approximately 300 workers and operates 80 vessels. In February 1978, Candies hired Appellee Michael Savoie to work as a deckhand aboard its vessels. Savoie worked as a deckhand until August 18, 1978, when he suffered a fractured leg in an automobile accident. A metal rod was inserted into Savoie’s leg to provide support, and he was unable to work for about nine months.
Savoie returned to work on June 18,1979, and was assigned to the M/V ADELLE CANDIES. He worked on this vessel as a deckhand until September 21, 1979, when he left work to have the metal rod removed from his leg. Savoie’s doctor, Dr. Raymond Horn, surgically removed the metal rod on September 28, 1979. Dr. Horn told Savoie that he could return to regular duty in six weeks. On October 11, 1979, Dr. Horn released Savoie for light duty. On or about October 15, 1979, Savoie went to Candies’ office and presented a duty slip, prepared by Dr. Horn’s office, on which both light duty and regular duty were circled. A Candies employee, Wayne Andrus, after consulting with Dr. Horn’s nurse, determined that Savoie was fit for regular duty, and Savoie returned to the M/V ADELLE CANDIES as a deckhand. On or about October 20,1979, Savoie boarded the vessel. The next day, however, Andrus learned from Dr. Horn’s office that Savoie was, in fact, restricted to light duty, and Andrus had Savoie taken off the vessel.
On October 26,1979, Savoie went to Candies’ office to pick up his paycheck. A Candies employee, Captain Welch, asked Savoie if he wanted a light duty job. Savoie accepted, and Captain Welch told him to be at the office the next morning. The next morning, Paul Candies, vice president of Otto Candies, Inc., told Savoie to clean some duck blinds owned by Otto Candies, Inc. and located on land leased by it.
*365 The duck blinds were located in a pumped out marsh. In the area where Savoie was working, however, the ground was muddy, and the terrain was uneven. While he was cleaning the third duck blind, Savoie refractured his leg. This injury is the only one of relevance to this case. 1
Savoie filed suit against Otto Candies, Inc. under the Jones Act. The jury, in response to special interrogatories, found that Savoie was a Jones Act seaman at the time of the October 1979 accident; that Otto Candies, Inc. was negligent, and that such negligence was a cause of the injury; that Savoie’s damages were $80,000; and that Savoie was contributorily negligent in an amount of 20 percent. The trial court rendered judgment for Savoie for $64,000. Candies does not complain of the findings that its negligence was a cause of the injury, the percentage of negligence attributable to it, or the amount of Savoie’s damages.
II.
Candies contends that the jury’s finding that Savoie was a Jones Act seaman is contrary to law and to the evidence. It argues that Savoie had no vessel connection when he was injured, for he was physically unable to work on a vessel, and therefore, not subject to the call of a vessel. We disagree.
The standard for testing a jury’s finding that a worker is or is not a Jones Act seaman is whether there is a reasonable evidentiary basis to support that finding. Normally the question of seaman status in a particular case is to be resolved by the fact finder.
Senko v. LaCrosse Dredging Corporation,
It is undisputed that Savoie was injured in the course of his employment for Candies and that he was a Jones Act seaman in Candies’ employ at some point not long before his injury. Once it is established that a worker is a seaman, it is not necessary that the tasks he performs at the time he is injured be related to the service of a vessel.
Higginbotham v. Mobil Oil Corporation,
“However, Higginbotham does not imply that a maritime worker assigned to work ashore for a very long period of time would continue indefinitely to be a seaman merely because it is contemplated that he will some day return to the vessel, nor that a seaman’s status continues if he commences work for another employee.” Guidry,614 F.2d at 453 .
The crucial question is whether Savoie remained a seaman on October 27,1979, the date of his injury.
“[H]ow long a seaman’s status continues after a shoreside assignment is itself a fact question dependent on such factors as the duration of the assignment, its relationship to the employer’s business, whether the employee was free to accept or reject it without endangering his employment status and any other factors relevant to the ultimate inquiry: at the moment of injury was the employee a seaman by conventional Jones Act crite *366 ria who happened not to be on navigable waters, or was he at that time no longer a seaman whatever his past relationship •or his future prospects?” Guidry,614 F.2d at 453 .
Seven days before his injury, Savoie was working aboard the M/V ADELLE CANDIES as a deckhand. As a. deckhand, it was Savoie’s job to clean the vessel and to keep it in shape. Although there is no evidence of precisely how long Savoie’s assignment to clean the duck blinds was to last, it is quite evident that it was not a task of extended duration, and Savoie had worked on the blinds only an hour before he was injured. Moreover, Savoie was to return to regular duty aboard the M/V ADELLE CANDIES in two weeks. The duck blinds were used to entertain Candies’ business clients, and the evidence shows that Savoie was reluctant to reject his employer’s direction that he clean them.
Apart from the factors listed in Guidry, Candies argues that Savoie was physically incapable of performing his duties aboard a vessel. There is, however, no conclusive evidence that Savoie was physically incapable of performing light duty aboard a vessel. 2
In summary, the evidence was sufficient to support a finding that the assignment to clean the duck blinds was temporary; and that most recently when Candies considered Savoie healthy, he was routinely reassigned to “his” vessel as a deckhand. Nothing in the record conclusively establishes that Savoie’s general pattern of employment with Candies as a deckhand was changed by the temporary assignment to clean its duck blinds.
Higginbotham,
Candies contends that the trial court’s charge to the jury concerning seaman status was strongly prejudicial, and in effect, compelled the jury to find that Savoie was a seaman when he was injured. We disagree.
The court instructed the jury as follows:
“A seaman is injured ‘in the course of his employment’ when, at the time of injury, he was doing the work of his employer, that is, he was working in the service of the vessel as a member of her crew.
“Now, in order for the plaintiff to establish that he was a ‘member of the crew’ of a vessel, he must prove that he was assigned more or less permanently to the vessel, or that he performed a substantial part of his work on it. He must also prove that the capacity in which he was employed or the duties that he performed contributed to the function of the vessel’s regular operation or to the accomplishment of its mission.
“A Jones Act ‘seaman,’ however, can still recover from his employer even for injuries received while he is on shore. Nor does the act require that the tasks he is performing at the time he is injured be related to service of the ship. A seaman does not lose his status when he is temporarily assigned by his employer to duties off the vessel.
“How long a seaman’s status continues after a shoreside assignment is itself a question of fact for you, ladies and gentlemen of the jury, to decide. The answer to this question depends on such factors as the duration of the assignment, its relationship to the employer’s business, whether the employee was free to accept or reject it without endangering his employment status and any other factors relevant to this issue. You must make the ultimate determination as to whether or not plaintiff remained a Jones Act seaman at the time of his injury. That’s strictly up to you, ladies and gentlemen of the jury.”
*367 We hold that this instruction was proper in the context of this case. It sets forth the law of seaman status as explained in Guidry,614 F.2d at 453 . Although the trial court focused the jury’s attention on the question of whether Savoie “remained a Jones Act seaman at the time of his injury,” the court emphatically told the jury that this was “strictly” a question for them. Moreover, this was the crucial issue, for it was undisputed that Savoie was a seaman, and in Candies’ employ as such, not long before his injury, which admittedly occurred in the course of his employment for Candies.
Candies makes several contentions concerning the trial court’s refusal to instruct the jury on certain matters pertaining to seaman status. These proffered instructions were properly refused, for they were either erroneous or unnecessary.
III.
During the trial, Savoie introduced into evidence letters sent by Candies’ attorney and its insurance carrier to Savoie and his attorney, which revealed that Candies had paid Savoie maintenance after the October 1979 injury. Because maintenance is paid to seamen only, Savoie argued that the maintenance payments showed that Candies considered him to be a seaman when he was injured. The letters were admitted into evidence, over Candies’ objections, as statements of a party opponent or his agent. See Fed.R.Evid. 801(a) and 801(d)(2). Savoie’s attorney and the court examined Paul Candies about the maintenance payments, and Savoie’s attorney heavily emphasized them in his closing arguments to the jury. At the conclusion of the trial, the court instructed the jury as follows:
“Evidence has been introduced at this trial showing that the defendant has paid ‘maintenance’ to the plaintiff. ‘Maintenance’ is defined as the providing to a seaman, who is disabled by injury or illness while in the service of the ship, medical care and treatment, and the means of maintaining himself, during the period of his convalescence.
“The payment of ‘maintenance’ by defendant, however, is not determinative of plaintiff’s seaman status for his Jones Act negligence claim. The fact question of whether or not plaintiff is a seaman for this suit still has to be decided by you, ladies and gentlemen of the jury, based on the law as I have previously defined it for you.”
Candies argues that evidence of maintenance payments was wholly irrelevant on the issue of Savoie’s status as a Jones Act seaman, and that the jury instruction regarding maintenance was prejudicial.
We reject these contentions. Contrary to Candies’ assertions here and below, its payment of seaman’s maintenance was not totally irrelevant. Candies had originally brought out that Savoie was “discharged” from the vessel (see note 2, supra), and this evidence tended to cast light on whether or not such “discharge” was intended to fully terminate Savoie as a Candies seaman, as opposed to being merely a routine formality when a seaman was temporarily rotated off the ship and expected to soon return to his duties there in accordance with normal practice. These payments tended to show that Candies regarded Savoie as being a seaman at the time of the accident, notwithstanding his prior “discharge.” This, in turn, was relevant to whether, when Savoie left the vessel and throughout his absence from it, there existed a mutual understanding and intention that his absence did not fully sever all aspects of his relationship to the Candies fleet and that, immediately following a brief period of recuperation, he would return to the actual performance of his duties as a deckhand upon the M/V ADELLE CANDIES. 3 In a case of this *368 kind, such factors, though not necessarily determinative in and of themselves, form a proper part of the overall factual pattern upon the basis of which the ultimate factual inquiry concerning seaman status at the time of injury is properly resolved.
Candies relies on
Hokanson v. Maritime Overseas Corporation,
Although not cited by either party, consideration on this issue must be given to the Supreme Court’s decision in
Tipton v. Socony Mobil Oil Co.,
was not a “vessel.” The drilling platform, however, was tended by one of defendant’s barges, concededly a “vessel,” and as a part of his employment plaintiff occasionally performed various tasks aboard the barge, and was injured while doing such seaman’s work. Under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA), 43 U.S.C. § 1331,
et seq.,
workers’ compensation benefits provided by the Longshoremen’s and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act (LHWCA), 33 U.S.C. § 901,
et seq.,
were available to offshore drilling employees not a “member of a crew of any vessel.” 43 U.S.C. § 1333(c)(1). As the Supreme Court noted, at trial “[t]he principal issue was whether, in view of the nature of the work performed at the time of the injury, the petitioner was a seaman, hence within the coverage of the Jones Act, or an offshore drilling employee” covered by the LHWCA through the OCSLA.
On appeal, this Court held it was error to admit, over proper objection, evidence that plaintiff had received and retained compensation benefits under the LHWCA, but that the error was harmless since the jury did not reach the damage issue. Judge Brown dissented, being of the view that the error was harmful inasmuch as the entire theme of the defense at trial had been that the jury did not have to worry about the plaintiff since he was adequately provided for under the LHWCA.
4
Judge Brown, noting
*369
that the jury had specifically inquired “if we find Mr. Tipton is not a seaman . .. does he have recourse for compensation under the Outer Continental Shelf or other act?”, observed that “it is perfectly plain ... that in trying to fashion their answer [to the issue of whether plaintiff was a seaman] ... the jury did not wish to take any action which would cut the plaintiff off from further benefits.”
“There can be no doubt that the evidence of other benefits was pressed upon the jury. Throughout the trial respondent’s counsel emphasized that the petitioner ‘has a remedy under a federal compensation act, and in fact received benefits in the form of weekly payments under that act ....’”375 U.S. at 35 ,84 S.Ct. at 2 .
The Court specifically noted the above-referenced inquiry made by the jury,
id.
at 36,
“Indeed, the jury’s inquiry to the judge seems to indicate that, under the case as submitted, the jury was led to place undue emphasis on the availability of compensation benefits in determining the ultimate question of whether the petitioner was a seaman within the Jones Act. On such a record the disputed evidence cannot properly be deemed harmless.” Id. at 37,84 S.Ct. at 3 .
This Court’s majority and dissenting opinions in Tipton seem to assume that evidence of the compensation payments was. not admissible for any purpose. However, the Supreme Court’s opinion does not so state, and, on the contrary, appears to recognize that such evidence would have been properly admissible for a limited purpose:
“The only argued relevance of this evidence was that it indicated what the petitioner had thought to be his legal status. The judge did not, however, frame a cautionary instruction or otherwise charge the jury that the evidence of other compensation might be considered only insofar as it revealed what the petitioner and others thought his status to be — whether seamen or drilling employee — and was not dispositive of the ultimate fact of whether he was a seaman.” Id. at 35-36, 584 S.Ct. at 2 .
It is plain that the vice which the Supreme Court found in
Tipton
was the defense’s use of the evidence to persuade the jury
not
that the plaintiff was in fact a drilling employee instead of a seaman, but rather that he should not recover under the Jones Act because he had already been, and would in the future be, compensated under the LHWCA. That
this
use of the evidence had its intended effect was evident from the jury’s inquiry. Such a vice is similar to that presented by evidence that the defendant is insured.
See Eichel v. New York Central R. Co.,
*370 Here, no improper use was made of the evidence of Candies’ maintenance payments. They were not used to urge that the jury should find for Savoie because Candies had demonstrated its financial ability to pay for his injury, or to show that Candies was negligent or had admitted liability, or to show the extent of Savoie’s injury or damages. There is no claim of prejudice as to any of such matters. The evidence was used only on the question of seaman status, and even there not as being a matter determinative of such status. The trial judge was careful to instruct the jury that this evidence was not determinative, and that notwithstanding the maintenance payments the issue of seaman status remained a fact question to be resolved by the jury under the law as covered by the other portions of the court’s charge. The referenced portions of the charge, which correctly set out the standards for the determination of seaman status, did not allude to the payment of maintenance. The jury was told, in effect, that the payment of maintenance could only be considered as circumstantial evidence of the other factual elements going to the issue of seaman status. 7
We do not suggest that more extensive and explicit limiting instructions would not have been desirable, both when the evidence was admitted and in the trial court’s final charge. However, where evidence is admissible for one purpose but not another, the burden is on the objecting party to request a proper limiting instruction. Fed.R.Evid. 105. Here, no such request was made, Candies simply having taken the position that the evidence was admissible for no purpose whatever and the jury should be instructed to totally disregard it for any purpose. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 51. Any error in this regard was accordingly waived. Nor do we deem any such deficiency to be so egregious or prejudicial here as to warrant reversal in the absence of a proper request for more explicit limiting instructions.
We recognize that under Fed.R. Evid. 403 “[although relevant, evidence may be excluded if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or misleading the jury.” Decisions under this rule are committed to the trial court’s sound discretion.
See Harpring v. Continental Oil Co.,
Accordingly, we reject Candies’ claim that reversible error is presented by the admission of the evidence of maintenance payments and the charge of the court in regard thereto.
IV.
Savoie cross-appeals, claiming that there is insufficient evidence to support the jury’s finding that he was contributorily negligent. We disagree.
A seaman has some duty to use reasonable care to protect himself even though that duty is slight.
Bobb v. Modern Products, Inc.,
The trial court’s judgment is affirmed.
AFFIRMED.
Notes
. We reject Savoie’s contention that his status as a Jones Act seaman at the time of his October 1979 injury is immaterial because that injury relates back to the August 1978 injury, which occurred when he was a seaman. There is no evidence that Savoie’s August 1978 injury was sustained in the course of his employment with Candies, nor is there any other evidence concerning his status at the time of the August 1978 injury.
. Candies also relies on the fact that Savoie was “discharged” from the ship on October 20 or 21. However, Savoie explained that such “discharges” were routinely given to seamen who were expected to return to the vessel in a few days. Thus, crews on a vessel might customarily work a seven day “on” and seven day “off” schedule, and would routinely be given a discharge slip at the end of each “on” week, though they were expected to return to their duties the following week. This “discharge” evidence is hence not conclusive on the question of Savoie’s status as a seaman.
.
See, e.g., Employers Mutual Casualty Co. of Des Moines v. Mosqueda,
“It showed that at least at one timé, an agent of Employers Mutual having a responsibility for handling claims against the company considered that Buchanan was covered under the terms of the policy.” Id at 613.
. Judge Brown’s dissent notes “the preoccupation with this problem of the Longshoremen’s Act throughout the whole trial,”
“ ‘But recall that Mr. Tipton is not without a legal remedy. He was paid, as the evidence shows, compensation benefits under the Longshoremen’s and Harborworkers’ Act, and he was offered further benefits .... Mr. Tipton was paid approximately $1,400 in compensation benefits .... He is not without a right [since] ... we admitted he was *369 covered under the [Longshoremen’s] Act.... He is not -without a remedy; ...315 F.2d at 664 .
. The Court also observed that the trial judge, in his answer to the above-noted inquiry by the jury, “did not preclude or
restrict
consideration of the evidence presented concerning prior receipt of compensation payments.”
. We do not believe our analysis of
Tipton
is at variance with our holding in
Bourque v. Diamond M. Drilling Company,
. We do not regard this evidence as inadmissible under Fed.R.Evid. 409, concerning payment of “medical, hospital or similar expenses.” These $56 per week “maintenance” payments were not shown to be “expense” payments of any kind. Candies never contended they were such, and its objection was based solely on relevancy, not on the principles of Rule 409. Moreover, Rule 409 only denies admissibility “to prove liability for the injury.” Such evidence may be admissible to prove other facts, such as “the status of the alleged tort-feasor as employer.” Weinstein’s Evidence § 409[2]. Here, the questioned evidence was not used to establish Candies’ negligence, but only as circumstantial evidence of Savoie’s status as a seaman. Were the only issue in the case the entitlement to medical or hospital or similar expenses, then proof of payment of a portion of such expenses might properly be labeled as going only to the issue of liability, and hence inadmissible under Rule 409. See Hokanson. Even if there were some slight relevance on another issue, in a suit only for maintenance and cure the principles of Fed.R.Evid. 403 might still operate to exclude such evidence.
We further emphasize that we are not dealing with any kind of payments made or offered under protest or with express disclaimer or reservation of rights or the like. Nor are we dealing with anything that can be characterized, under the facts of this case, as an offer of compromise or settlement. Such situations might well call for a result different from that which we reach here.
. There is language in
Sheehy v. Southern Pacific Transportation Co., Inc.,