2 N.W.2d 488 | Mich. | 1942
Lead Opinion
This is an appeal from an order granting plaintiff's motion to strike those portions of defendant's answer, entitled, "affirmative defense" and "recoupment." Although not shown in the printed record, the files of this court contain plaintiff's motion to dismiss this appeal because of defendant's failure to secure leave and the subsequent denial of that motion.
Plaintiff declared on a promissory note for $3,243.20, dated 1939, claiming that the entire principal was due and payable and that defendant had *524 not paid the note or the interest thereon. Although the declaration states that a copy of the note is attached as an exhibit, it is not included in the record. The note as set up in appellee's brief does not bear any date except the year mentioned, and concludes with the following statement:
"This note is secured by a chattel mortgage made by the maker in favor of the payee hereof dated _____ 193_."
Plaintiff also declared on the common counts claiming an indebtedness of $5,000.
Defendant in its answer admitted the execution of the note, alleged payment of $202.70 thereon, but denied that plaintiff was entitled to a judgment in any amount whatsoever. Plaintiff having also declared upon the common counts, defendant answered these with a general denial. Defendant then added to its answer an "affirmative defense" and a plea of "recoupment."
In the "affirmative defense," defendant averred that in October of 1939 plaintiff agreed to cancel and rescind a "certain chattel mortgage agreement between them," and "remove his air-conditioning equipment" from defendant's premises and install, before the reopening of defendant's hotel in the summer of 1940, proper equipment which would function to defendant's satisfaction; that defendant would be under no obligation to make any payment to plaintiff until 30 days after the new installation and approval thereof, all of which plaintiff failed to perform, and, therefore, defendant is entitled to a judgment of no cause of action.
Defendant's "affirmative defense" does not aver a connection between the claimed agreement to cancel and rescind "a certain chattel mortgage agreement" and the note sued upon. The transaction as *525 therein stated appeared to the trial judge to be wholly foreign to the subject matter of plaintiff's action and the "affirmative defense" was stricken as irrelevant and immaterial.
The plea of "recoupment" refers to a conditional sales contract made on June 9, 1939, wherein defendant agreed to purchase from plaintiff and Tonn Blank Company, alleged agents of plaintiff, an air-conditioning system, described in this plea in detail, for which defendant agreed to pay $3,868.20 as follows: $625 as down payment and the balance of $3,243.20 in 16 monthly instalments of $202.70 each. The plea avers cancellation of the conditional sales agreement and the execution of a chattel mortgage covering the air-conditioning equipment; sets up the failure of the equipment to operate satisfactorily, and plaintiff's undertaking and efforts to remedy the defects.
Defendant asserts in this plea an implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, a breach thereof, and claims resulting damages of $10,000. Defendant also claims damages by way of recoupment in the sum of $827.70 for moneys paid plaintiff with interest thereon.
Defendant's plea of "recoupment" likewise fails to show any connection between the sale of the air conditioning system with an alleged warranty of fitness, and the note sued upon. Therefore, this plea as worded was also stricken as irrelevant and immaterial. This plea of recoupment is inconsistent with defendant's denial of plaintiff's right of action. Defendant cannot be heard to deny plaintiff's cause of action and at the same time claim a recoupment arising out of the transaction upon which plaintiff's suit is based. Morehouse v. Baker,
The trial judge in a written opinion analyzed the answer and concluded that, in the absence of the instruments mentioned therein, and because of the inconsistent nature of defendant's claims, it could not be held the "recoupment" arose out of the same contract or transaction against which the recoupment was pleaded, and, therefore, the damages claimed could not be said to have arisen out of a breach of the transaction represented by the note.
If defendant can show that the note sued upon was given in consideration of plaintiff's sale of the air-conditioning system and that plaintiff warranted its fitness, then a plea of recoupment based upon a breach of that warranty would be proper in a suit brought on the note by plaintiff. Defendant must allege and prove that the sale, note and warranty all pertain to the same transaction. The fact that the note and chattel mortgage were substituted for the original conditional sales agreement does not of itself prevent recoupment as between these parties.
Defendant should be permitted, under 3 Comp. Laws 1929, § 14144 (Stat. Ann. § 27.838), to amend its answer, and the cause should be remanded for this purpose. In addition to the statute, see Court Rule No. 72 (1933); Craig v. Wright,
The order of the trial judge is vacated and the cause is remanded with leave to amend the answer in accordance with this opinion and within the discretion of the trial judge, upon such terms as he shall deem just. Costs to appellee.
CHANDLER, C.J., and STARR, BUTZEL, and SHARPE, JJ., concurred with BUSHNELL, J. *527
Concurrence Opinion
I concur in that part of Mr. Justice BUSHNELL'S opinion remanding the cause with leave to the defendant to amend the answer. However, it should not be understood that defendant cannot interpose affirmative defenses to either or both of the counts in the declaration.
The first count declares upon a promissory note. The suit is brought by the payee against the maker. As between these parties, plaintiff is not a holder in due course and the defendant may interpose affirmative defenses as if the suit were on a nonnegotiable instrument (2 Comp. Laws 1929, § 9307 [Stat. Ann. § 19.100]), including the defense of either partial or total failure of consideration (2 Comp. Laws 1929, § 9277 [Stat. Ann. § 19.70]).
Under the second count, plaintiff declares on the usual common counts for the value of goods sold and delivered, work done and materials furnished by plaintiff to defendant. Defendant denies liability and sets up as an affirmative defense that at the time the note was signed plaintiff and defendant entered into a written sales agreement for the sale and purchase of certain air-conditioning machinery and other personal property; that plaintiff breached the contract; and defendant asks for damages by way of recoupment as an affirmative defense. Plaintiff's motion to strike the affirmative defenses alleges as the reason that they do not relate to the note sued upon. This ignores defendant's right to interpose equitable defenses to the note as well as to interpose the defense of recoupment under the second count by reason of implied warranty or failure to perform.
It is evident that defendant's pleadings have been ineptly prepared. However, plaintiff made no claim either in this court or in the court below that defendant had set up inconsistent defenses without pleading the same in the alternative, as indicated in *528 Mr. Justice BUSHNELL'S opinion. Had this question been raised, defendant would doubtless have had the right to amend.
The order granting the motion to strike the affirmative defenses should be set aside and the cause remanded with leave to amend in accordance with court rules. Under the circumstances, no costs should be allowed.
NORTH and WIEST, JJ., concurred with BOYLES, J.
