10 Mont. 283 | Mont. | 1891
We will discuss the points in the order outlined in the foregoing statement of the case.
There can be no doubt that if defendants be successful in proving what they allege to be the fact as to a permanent monument, the description is sufficient., and the error in stating the county under the circumstances of this case is harmless. "We are satisfied that the District Court erred. The notice of
The foregoing is sufficient for the decision of this appeal, but as the case goes back for further proceedings, we will express our views upon the additional points raised as a guide to the District Court in the further consideration of the case, and, therefore,—
2. The next point is whether the location notice of the New Brunswick claim is defective, by reason of the condition of the verification. This court, after incidentally doubting the validity of the law of the territory requiring a location notice to be verified (Wenner v. McNulty, 7 Mont. 30), afterwards, in O’Donnell v. Glenn, 8 Mont. 248, met the proposition squarely, and held the law to be good. While we can conceive doubts as to this power of the territorial legislature, we do not feel it our duty to disturb the rule in O’Donnell v. Glenn, and the practice established upon that rule. We therefore sustain the law, which is as follows: —
“Any person or persons who shall hereafter discover any mining claim upon any vein or lode, etc., .... shall, within twenty days thereafter, make, and file for record in the office of the recorder of the county in which said discovery or location is made, a declaratory statement thereof, in writing, on oath made before some person authorized by law to administer oaths describing such claim in the manner provided by the laws of the United States.” (§ 1477, p. 1054, Comp. Stats.)
The question then arises, is the location notice of the New Brunswick, with its attachment, “a declaratory statement in writing on oath?” It is “a declaratory statement in writing;” and if it is properly “ on oath,” the verification by Cole, one of the locators, is sufficient, without his co-locators joining with him. (Wenner v. McNulty, supra.)
An affidavit is one method of taking an oath. An affidavit is “a statement or declaration reduced to writing, and sworn or affirmed to before some officer who had authority to administer an oath.” (Bouvier’s Law Dict.)
In Murray v. Larabie, 8 Mont. 212, there appeared at the end of a deposition an alleged certificate. It was signed by the deponent, and then followed: —
“Sworn to and subscribed before me this eighteenth day of February, 1885.
[NSeai!al] “OMERE YlLLERE, Not. Pub.”
The court held “the simple statement at the end of the deposition of ‘sworn to and subscribed before me’ is no certificate of anything, except that the witness swore to and subscribed his name to the deposition.” If, under those circumstances, the notary certified to nothing, except that the deposition was sub
We are of opinion that the paper before us is not, intrinsically, a declaratory statement on oath. But counsel offer to prove aliunde the notice, that the oath was taken after location and before recording. Let it be remembered that the statute (§ 1477, Comp. Stats.) requires that the locator shall “make and file for record a declaratory statement in writing on oath.” It shall not only be made “on oath,” but “filed for record on oath.” We are of opinion that the statute intends that the oath shall be part of the record. Without directly so declaring, there seems to be a strong implication from analogy to other recording laws, that one office of the oath is to entitle the instrument to record. We believe that any other view would open the door to abuses, mischiefs, and errors. Suppose notices may be recorded with no affidavit or certificate of oath, although the oath may have been actually taken by the party. There would be no official evidence preserved of the act of the officer taking the oath, and titles to valuable mining property would be made to depend upon the doubtful memories of notaries public, and perhaps years after the event, or even after the death of the notary; and the temptation would be opened to such officers to remember or forget, as interests ulterior to their duties might sway them. We feel that it is utterly unsafe to sanction such a practice. We are of opinion that the view of the District Court, as to the New Brunswick location notice, was correct, and we affirm that ruling.
, 3. It is conceded by respondents in their brief, that they claim no rights by virtue of the fact that their adversary claim, the New Brunswick, was not recorded within twenty days after discovery. That disposes of this point.
4. Under the view expressed in paragraph 1, above, and on the authority of Russell v. Chumasero, supra, it must be held that, in the location notices of the Ida May and Corbett claims, the reference to adjoining claims is sufficient to allow the notices to be introduced in evidence, and proof to be offered, whether such adjoining claims are permanent monuments.