52 Cal. 238 | Cal. | 1877
The alleged stipulation should have been by agreement 'filed with the Clerk. (Code of Civil Procedure, sec. 283, and Borkheim v. North British & M. Ins. Go. 38 Cal. 628.)
Geo. A. Nourse, for the Eespondcnt.
Sec. 283 of the Code of Civil Procedure has no application to a stipulation made in open Court, in facie curiae. (Staples v. Parker, 41 Barb. S. C. Rep. 650.)
J. P. Hoge, also for Eespondent.
The plaintiff, and the defendant, being tenants in common of certain premises in the City of Oakland, agreed with each other to erect a building thereon—each of them to pay one-half the cost thereof.
The building was accordingly erected, and thereupon the plaintiff commenced this action to recover of the defendant the sum of $77,770.26 in United States gold coin, for advances,
The answer of the defendant, after denials of the various amounts alleged to have been advanced by the plaintiff, specifically denied that any promise to pay in United States gold coin had been made by the defendant—“ and denies that it was understood and agreed, or understood or agreed, between plaintiff and defendant respectively, or at all, that said alleged sum of money, or any part thereof, or any sum of money, should be paid in United States gold coin,” etc.
In this condition of the pleadings the cause was tried, and the jury found a verdict as follows: “ We, the jury in this case, find for the plaintiff in the sum of $70,618.50,” whereupon judgment was entered by the Clerk—“ that said Samuel Merritt, the plaintiff herein, have and recover of and from P. S. Wilcox, the defendant herein, the sum of $70,618.50, and his costs and disbursements-in this behalf expended, amounting to the sum of $1,018.85.” In short, neither the verdict, nor the judgment entered thereon, purported in terms to respond to the issue made in the record, as to the character or kind of money in which the ascertained indebtedness of Wilcox to Merritt should be paid.
The judgment upon the verdict was entered on the 2nd day of January, 1875, and on the 11th day of the same month the plaintiff moved the Court below to vacate it and set it aside, and that judgment in United States gold coin be entered in his favor for the sum found by the verdict, “ upon the ground that it was stipulated at the trial of said action, in open Court, that whatever judgment might be recovered in said action should be payable in United States gold coin.”
This motion was originally supported by the affidavits of the plaintiff, one of his counsel, and a by-stander, supplemented at the hearing by some nine additional affidavits, some of them made by persons who sat as jurors in the case—the general purport of all these being that a verbal stipulation had been
The motion was resisted by the defendant with some eleven affidavits—one of them by the counsel for the defendant, in which' he denied that he made the alleged stipulation, either in substance or effect, in open Court or elsewhere — others by short-hand reporters who had taken down the proceedings - at the trial—and yet others by some three of the jurors who had concurred in the verdict, and who swore that in rendering the verdict they knew and intended that the sum mentioned therein would be payable in United States legal tender notes, and not exclusively in gold coin. . ■
On the hearing of the motion, the Court below entered an order vacating the judgment as originally entered by the Clerk, and directing that judgment be entered payable in gold coin ■only, and from that order, and the judgment entered in pursuance thereof, the defendant brings this appeal.
As seen already, in setting aside the judgment as originally entered, and substituting therefor a judgment payable in gold coin only, the Court below held the defendant bound by the agreement alleged to have been made by his attorney, although the agreement had not been reduced to writing and filed with the Clerk, nor entered upon the minutes of the Court.
The statute limiting the authority of the attorney to bind his client is as follows: “ An attorney and counselor has authority (1) to bind his client in any of the steps of an action or proceeding by his agreement filed with the Clerk or entered upon the minutes of the Court, and not otherwise.” (Code of Civil Procedure, sec. 283.)
We do not understand the counsel for the respondent to claim that the alleged agreement can be supported if the statute be applicable to it; but it is argued that the statute is intended to apply only to agreement of counsel made en pais, and not to an agreement made as the one now under consideration is alleged to have been made, in facie curice. But we are unable to give an assent to the distinction attempted in this respect. The statute has defined, with remarkable precision, and by the use of both affirmative and negative words, the precise limit of the
As observed by Mr. Justice Saxdebsox: “It would be no misnomer to call the statute a statute of frauds. It declares such agreements null and void unless they are in writing and filed with the Clerk, or have been entered on the minutes of the Court. Of such agreements, therefore, there can be no specific performance.” (Borkheim v. N. B. & M. Ins. Co. 38 Cal. 628.)
The authority of the attorney to bind his client by his mere agreement is, upon the face of the statute, no greater or more effective in facie curiae than elsewhere; and to hold that it is would be not only to add a new provision to the statute itself, but also to let in the mischief against which it was the intention of the statute to shut the door. As further observed by the learned Justice, in his opinion in the case already cited: “ Instead of being nullified in that way, the statute ought to be strictly adhered to, for it is the dictation of wisdom. Without it the Court would be frequently annoyed by disputes between counsel concerning their agreements, and thus forced to try innumerable side issues more perplexing than the case itself, attended also with delay to its business and with detriment to the public service.”
The wisdom of these views and the absolute necessity of their enforcement in practice is strikingly illustrated by the circumstances of the present case, in which, as seen already, the making of the alleged stipulation is positively supported in some eleven affidavits upon one side, and directly denied in an equal number on the other. Among these are found the opposing affidavits of the respective counsel, each of deservedly high, professional reputation, and to neither of whom could any unfairness of purpose be justly imputed. An honest misunderstanding between those gentlemen has undoubtedly occurred; the scope and effect of what one of them said constituting the supposed stipulation has been forgotten by him, or been misapprehended by the other. It is to avoid mistakes such as these, and which arc otherwise so likely to occur in the course of a trial, that the statute has been enacted.
2. It is claimed, however, that upon the verdict, as found, and irrespective of the alleged stipulation, the respondent is entitled to a judgment payable in gold coin only. This is put upon the ground that the general verdict which the respondent obtained operated as a finding in his favor upon all the allegations of the complaint, including the allegation that the defendant had promised to pay in gold coin.
But, in our opinion, this is stating the rule too broadly. A general verdict found for the plaintiff, in a case of this character, imports a finding in his favor upon all the allegations of the complaint material to Ms recovery in the action.
We think that the order of the 15th day of February, setting-
Neither Mr. Justice Rhodes nor Mr. Justice Niles expressed an opinion.