98 P. 383 | Cal. Ct. App. | 1908
Lead Opinion
Action to foreclose a mortgage. Plaintiff had judgment. Defendants appeal from the order denying their motion for a new trial. There is no appeal from the judgment. Neither the sufficiency of the complaint nor the sufficiency of the findings to support the judgment can b¿ reviewed on this appeal. (Jenkins v. Frink, 30 Cal. 586, 596, [89 Am. Dec. 134]; Shepard v. McNeil, 38 Cal. 72; Roberts v. Eldred, 73 Cal. 394, 398, [15 Pac. 16].) It was said in Moore v. Douglas, 132 Cal. 399, [64 Pac. 705]: “The appeal from the judgment, not having been taken in time,, cannot be considered; and the appellant’s contention that the complaint failed to state a cause of action, and that the demurrer to the same should have been sustained, also that the judgment is not supported by the findings, and that the findings are contradictory and inconsistent with the pleadings, cannot therefore be considered, there being no appeal from the judgment.” (Citing cases.) We may, however, look into the bill of exceptions to determine whether the evidence is sufficient to sustain the findings and also to determine whether any prejudicial errors of law were committed at the trial. (Churchill v. Flournoy, 127 Cal. 335, [59 Pac. 791].)
The promissory note in question was executed by defendants, the Prices, and was secured by mortgage executed by them, and also by defendant Mary Wilson, the husband of Mrs. Wilson being joined in the action. The note was executed January 31, 1894, and matured October 1, 1894, and was made payable to the Merced Bank, or order. The action was commenced by the Merced Bank on September 30, 1898. It appeared that on January 31, 1895, the plaintiff bank and Sophie A. Ivett, as administratrix of the estate of John L. Ivett, deceased, entered into an agreement, which recited that the bank is indebted to Mrs. Ivett as administratrix, certain sums aggregating $20,198.45, and also to the Bank of British Columbia, which holds certain notes and securities of said Merced Bank; that the Merced Bank was desirous of releasing said securities, and to that end agreed to transfer and as
The cause came on to be heard on March 13, 1905. By the order of the court the evidence, documentary and oral, was to be considered as before the court, as well as the record of all prior proceedings. It appeared from the testimony, without contradiction, that the note and mortgage in question were held by Mrs. Ivett as collateral security under the agreement of January 31, 1895, and were given to the bank for the sole purpose of collection, the proceeds, less costs and charges, to be applied to its debt due Mrs. Ivett; that upon payment by her to the Bank of British Columbia of the $4,000 agreed upon, in addition to the $20,198.46 then due her from plaintiff bank, the latter delivered to her certain securities, among them the note and mortgage sued upon; that plaintiff bank did not deliver to her all the securities it had agreed to deliver, and some were retained by it and collected and the proceeds not turned over to her; that the $4,000 was to be paid to her out of the assets of the bank other than said securities, but was afterward repaid out of a portion of said securities and not out of other assets of the bank; that she had received from said securities only repayment of said $4,000 and $1,050 on two notes; that prior to October 2, 1900, she had been paid nothing except as above, and prior to that date she had made no use of any of the said securities except as above stated; that she never converted any of said securities to her own use, except as above shown, toward the payment to her of the $20,198.46 due her from said bank; that after receiving the assignment of October 2, 1900, she used it wherever necessary in foreclosing mortgages; that the assignment was not recorded, but was “an open transaction and had been public to everyone interested, especially to the defendants, ever since the fall of 1900, and especially during the summer of 1901, when the defendants were moving to dismiss this action for
There was evidence submitted in support of a statement showing the amounts realized by Mrs. Ivett upon the securities held by her. By this statement it appears that there was still due on the indebtedness of the bank to her the sum of $3,799.92.
The record does not purport to contain all the evidence, and it is manifest from the findings that all the evidence was not included in the transcript. Such as is before us has been substantially set out in the foregoing history of the case and of the trial, and is without conflict. The defendants submitted no evidence in support of their answer.
The findings are quite lengthy, and cover every material issue and some issues not material. They support the judgment and plaintiff’s contention upon all points and negative the allegations set up by defendants in their defense to the action.
The briefs discuss numerous questions, as arising upon the record—chiefly by way of challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence to support the findings—some of which are either not properly here for review or are not pertinent to any material issue.
1. The order denying the motion for nonsuit was made upon the sole ground of the insufficiency of the complaint. But the sufficiency of the complaint cannot be inquired into; cases supra. For like reason we cannot consider the demurrer, as that goes to the sufficiency of the complaint.
2. In no instance was any ground stated in support of objections to the evidence offered by plaintiff and allowed by the court. The mere objection to some proceeding in the course of the trial, unaccompanied by any ground or reason for the objection, presents no reviewable error, for error must
3. All question of actual fraud is unsupported by any evidence, and all claim that the creditors of the plaintiff bank were injured must disappear, for there is no evidence that the creditors generally were injured, and the bank commissioners found and declared “that all the assets of the Merced Bank (in liquidation) have been sold and all the proceeds therefrom paid to the creditors of the bank, and the affairs of the bank are fully administered and wound up.” This order was entered by the bank commissioners, February 7, 1902, and could not have been true if the note and mortgage in suit had been regarded by the bank commissioners as assets of the bank in which the creditors generally were entitled to share. The transfer to plaintiff, October 2, 1900, was made while the bank commissioners were performing their duties; it was an open and well-known transaction, and must have come to the knowledge of the commissioners, and the undisputed evidence is that the transfer was in due course of liquidation of the bank’s affairs. We must assume, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, that the bank commissioner sanctioned the transaction as done in process of liquidation, for, having knowledge of it, they were in position and it was their duty, if disapproved, to have arrested its consummation. Besides we do not see how in this action objection can be made on behalf of the creditors generally, or by the defendants as such creditors.
4. The claim that there is a failure to make findings upon material issues, and that the findings are conflicting must be disregarded; cases supra.
5. The securities held by Mrs. Ivett, being “things in action,” are subjects of lien without change of possession (Kings v. Roberts (Cal.), 31 Pac. 620); and not being dependent upon possession, the redelivery to the bank for the purposes of collection did not extinguish the lien (Civ. Code, sec. ,2913).
6. Plaintiff bank had a right to commence the action, as it was the owner of the note and mortgage, subject to Mrs. Ivett’s lien, and was equally interested with her in enforcing collection. (Civ. Code, sec. 2888; Graham v. Light, 4 App. Dec. 400, [88 Pac. 373].),
8. We see no reason for holding, under the bank commission act (Stats. 1895, p. 172), that the plaintiff corporation was without authority to absolutely transfer the cause of action to Mrs. Ivett, the transaction avowedly and in fact being in course of liquidation and being untainted by fraud, and, so far as appears, for the best interest of the creditors. Section 11 of the act makes it the duty of the commissioners to take control of the corporation and all its property until the order of the court, which “shall order the commissioners to surrender to the corporation the property thereof in their possession, for the purpose of liquidation. The directors or trustees of all banking corporations in liquidation shall be permitted to continue the management of the affairs of such corporations during the process of liquidation.” The assets of the bank transferred by the agreement of October 2, 1900, were in pledge to Mrs. Ivett by the agreement of January 31, 1895, and before the commissioners took control of the bank. Her right to realize upon them in payment of the bank’s indebtedness to her was fixed and determined. The bank did not keep faith with her in the matter of securing her claims. It was thought best that a full settlement between her and the bank should be made, and such settlement was necessary in order to wind up the affairs of the bank. Instead, therefore, of having these securities outstanding and in an unsettled condition as collateral, an agreement was made by which the bank was discharged from all liability to Mrs. Ivett, and she became the absolute owner of the assets. This was accomplished while the bank directors were acting under the control and supervision of the commissioners, and while the present action was pending. The act provides that the corporation “shall make reports of the condition of its affairs to the bank commissioners in the same manner as the solvent banks mentioned in the act, and, in addition thereto, shall state the amount of dividend paid, debts collected, and the amounts realized on property sold, if any, since the previous report.”
9. Appellants contend, also, that the action was commenced by the wrong party, or in the wrong capacity, and that the defect is fatal and cannot be cured by an amendment substituting the right party. (Citing Dubbers v. Goux, 51 Cal. 153; Sterrett v. Barker, 119 Cal. 495, [51 Pac. 695]; Rennick v. Garland, 1 Cal. App. 238, [82 Pac. 89].) In Dubbers v. Goux, the action was commenced by the husband, who afterward made a motion that his wife be substituted as plaintiff because she was the real party in interest. The lower court allowed the substitution,- and defendant appealed. The supreme court said: “The court erred in permitting Mrs. Dubbers to be substituted for her husband as plaintiff. It is not pretended that she had succeeded to any interest held by her husband pending the action, nor that she had any joint interest with him in the subject-matter. On the contrary, she was substituted as plaintiff on the theory that she was the only
10. The point that the statute of limitations had run against • the note and mortgage before the assignment to Mrs. Ivett, and that her substitution made her plaintiff in an action barred by the statute is without merit. Appellant’s contention is that the filing of the complaint in the name of the Merced Bank as an existing corporation, without disclosing that it had been adjudged insolvent, was unauthorized and unlawful and was also unlawful because commenced to enforce a lien for the benefit of the lien claimant; that the running of the statute of limitations was not stopped because the action was unlawfully commenced, and therefore when Mrs. Ivett was substituted the action was barred by section 337, Code of Civil Procedure. It is a sufficient answer that the action was legally arid properly commenced in the name of the payee of the note, the Merced Bank, and that Mrs. Ivett was substituted as plaintiff in the same and not in a different cause,
11. The order granting plaintiff’s motion to file a supplemental complaint was within the discretion of the court, and will be reversed only upon a showing that this discretion was abused. (Yordi v. Yordi, 6 Cal. App. 20, [91 Pac. 348]; Lee v. Murphy, 119 Cal. 364, [51 Pac. 549, 955]; Code Civ. Proc., see. 473.) As was said in Yordi v. Yordi, the question whether the court abused its discretion “must be answered in the negative unless the amended complaint introduced new issues substantially different from those presented by the complaint under which the evidence was submitted, and unless it appears that the rights of the defendants were prejudiced by the amendment.” The facts embodied in the supplemental complaint, to conform to which the leave to amend was granted, had fully appeared in the course of the trial; no new facts or matters of surprise were suggested by the proposed amendment, and no fact not already known to defendants and already matter of proof was alleged therein; full opportunity was given defendants to demur to or answer the complaint, and they did both. In point of fact, the only material issue not already pleaded was the assignment to plaintiff, and this, as well as the agreement by which she held the note and mortgage and how and why she came to redeliver it to the bank, had been made subjects of proof. It is clear to our minds that defendants were deprived of no substantial right by the order of the court and that it acted within its discretion.
The foregoing disposes of all the questions which appear to call for examination. We discover no prejudicial error in the record, and the order is therefore affirmed.
Burnett, J., and Hart, J., concurred.
A petition to have the cause heard in the supreme court, after judgment in the district court of appeal, was denied by the supreme court on December 3, 1908, and the following opinion was then rendered thereon:
The application for a hearing in this court after decision by the district court of appeal for the third district is denied. In so far as the opinion of that court may be held to intimate that an objection that the trial court
Lead Opinion
Action to foreclose a mortgage. Plaintiff had judgment. Defendants appeal from the order denying their motion for a new trial. There is no appeal from the judgment. Neither the sufficiency of the complaint nor the sufficiency of the findings to support the judgment can be reviewed on this appeal. (Jenkins v. Frink,
The promissory note in question was executed by defendants, the Prices, and was secured by mortgage executed by them, and also by defendant Mary Wilson, the husband of Mrs. Wilson being joined in the action. The note was executed January 31, 1894, and matured October 1, 1894, and was made payable to the Merced Bank, or order. The action was commenced by the Merced Bank on September 30, 1898. It appeared that on January 31, 1895, the plaintiff bank and Sophie A. Ivett, as administratrix of the estate of John L. Ivett, deceased, entered into an agreement, which recited that the bank is indebted to Mrs. Ivett as administratrix, certain sums aggregating $20,198.45, and also to the Bank of British Columbia, which holds certain notes and securities of said Merced Bank; that the Merced Bank was desirous of releasing said securities, and to that end agreed to transfer and assign *180
the same to Mrs. Ivett upon her advancing and paying to said Bank of British Columbia the sum of $4,000; that upon said payment by her she was to release to Merced Bank all securities held by her in excess of $15,148.84 "in face value of the principal thereof"; that the Merced Bank was to issue to her a certificate of deposit for $15,148.84 and another certificate for $6,049.61, "now due her as aforesaid; said certificates to show on their face that they are issued for moneys due before liquidation, and its promissory note for said sum of $4,000.00." To secure this note the directors of the bank were to guarantee its payment, and to secure the said sum of $15,148.84, Mrs. Ivett was to retain the securities turned over by the Bank of British Columbia, in face value of that sum, "if sufficient thereof are satisfactory to her," and if not, "then a sufficient amount of other securities to make up said sum." Mrs. Ivett made the payment to the Bank of British Columbia and received from plaintiff bank certain securities, among which were the note and mortgage sued on in this action. It was testified that plaintiff bank failed to deliver to Mrs. Ivett all the securities agreed to be delivered to her, but that they were retained by the bank and collected and the proceeds were not paid to her, and that the $4,000 advanced by her was to be repaid out of the assets of the bank other than said securities, which was thereafter done. This payment, together with $450 and $600, collected from securities held by her, was all she had received from said securities up to October 2, 1900. On September 10, 1898, Mrs. Ivett addressed a letter to plaintiff bank, in which she said: "As the $6,500 Price note dated January 31, 1894, which I hold as collateral security will outlaw Oct. 1st, 1898, and I do not care to be put to the trouble of collecting the same, or be held responsible for not collecting the same, I hereby authorize you to proceed to collect the said note and mortgage, and for that purpose herewith send you note endorsed 'For collection.' Sophie A. Ivett." Thereafter, on September 30, 1898, the present action was commenced by the plaintiff bank, in the usual form of complaint on foreclosure, duly verified. On September 27, 1899, defendants answered, alleging the transfer of said note and mortgage to Mrs. Ivett, and that she and not the plaintiff is the owner and holder thereof, praying judgment that plaintiff is not the owner and holder *181
of said note and mortgage. The execution of the note and mortgage was admitted by failure to deny, as also was nonpayment. An amended complaint, correcting the description of the land, was, by leave of court, filed on July 18, 1901. On October 2, 1900, plaintiff bank and Mrs. Ivett entered into an agreement of final settlement of their transactions and mutually released each other from further liability each to the other, in consideration of which plaintiff bank assigned and transferred "absolutely all those securities still uncollected which said Sophie A. Ivett has heretofore held as collateral under agreement . . . dated January 31, 1895, together with all notes, mortgages, trust deeds, relating to the same, judgments recovered upon the same, rights of action pending or existing on the same, and every right, title and interest of said Merced Bank in and to the same." This assignment included the present cause of action. On July 28, 1901, defendants served their notice to dismiss the action on the ground of want of prosecution, and on August 7, 1901, the plaintiff bank served, and on August 10, 1901, filed in court, notice of motion "for an order permitting said action to be continued in the name of the original plaintiff, or that said Sophie A. Ivett may be substituted as plaintiff in said action." This motion was based upon the said agreement of October 2, 1900. On October 1 and 2, 1901, said motion to dismiss was heard by the court and granted; thereafter an appeal from the order was taken to the supreme court and the order was reversed. (Merced Bank v.Price,
The cause came on to be heard on March 13, 1905. By the order of the court the evidence, documentary and oral, was to be considered as before the court, as well as the record of all prior proceedings. It appeared from the testimony, without contradiction, that the note and mortgage in question were held by Mrs. Ivett as collateral security under the agreement of January 31, 1895, and were given to the bank for the sole purpose of collection, the proceeds, less costs and charges, to be applied to its debt due Mrs. Ivett; that upon payment by her to the Bank of British Columbia of the $4,000 agreed upon, in addition to the $20,198.46 then due her from plaintiff bank, the latter delivered to her certain securities, among them the note and mortgage sued upon; that plaintiff bank did not deliver to her all the securities it had agreed to deliver, and some were retained by it and collected and the proceeds not turned over to her; that the $4,000 was to be paid to her out of the assets of the bank other than said securities, but was afterward repaid out of a portion of said securities and not out of other assets of the bank; that she had received from said securities only repayment of said $4,000 and $1,050 on two notes; that prior to October 2, 1900, she had been paid nothing except as above, and prior to that date she had made no use of any of the said securities except as above stated; that she never converted any of said securities to her own use, except as above shown, toward the payment to her of the $20,198.46 due her from said bank; that after receiving the assignment of October 2, 1900, she used it wherever necessary in foreclosing mortgages; that the assignment was not recorded, but was "an open transaction and had been public to everyone interested, especially to the defendants, ever since the fall of 1900, and especially during the summer of 1901, when the defendants were moving to dismiss this action for *186 want of prosecution." There was also undisputed evidence that plaintiff bank was at all times mentioned in the complaint, a corporation, and that said bank had never been dissolved or ceased to exist, "but that all licenses required by law of said bank, up to the time of trial, had been paid"; that the assignment of October 2, 1900, was made by the plaintiff bank in good faith and in the ordinary course of liquidation of its affairs, "and in order to expedite the settlement of its affairs and was an open and public transaction and was considered by all parties interested as for the best interest of the creditors."
There was evidence submitted in support of a statement showing the amounts realized by Mrs. Ivett upon the securities held by her. By this statement it appears that there was still due on the indebtedness of the bank to her the sum of $3,799.92.
The record does not purport to contain all the evidence, and it is manifest from the findings that all the evidence was not included in the transcript. Such as is before us has been substantially set out in the foregoing history of the case and of the trial, and is without conflict. The defendants submitted no evidence in support of their answer.
The findings are quite lengthy, and cover every material issue and some issues not material. They support the judgment and plaintiff's contention upon all points and negative the allegations set up by defendants in their defense to the action.
The briefs discuss numerous questions, as arising upon the record — chiefly by way of challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence to support the findings — some of which are either not properly here for review or are not pertinent to any material issue.
1. The order denying the motion for nonsuit was made upon the sole ground of the insufficiency of the complaint. But the sufficiency of the complaint cannot be inquired into; casessupra. For like reason we cannot consider the demurrer, as that goes to the sufficiency of the complaint.
2. In no instance was any ground stated in support of objections to the evidence offered by plaintiff and allowed by the court. The mere objection to some proceeding in the course of the trial, unaccompanied by any ground or reason for the objection, presents no reviewable error, for error must *187 be made affirmatively to appear, and in the absence of any ground for the objection we cannot say there was error in the ruling and the objection must be disregarded.
3. All question of actual fraud is unsupported by any evidence, and all claim that the creditors of the plaintiff bank were injured must disappear, for there is no evidence that the creditors generally were injured, and the bank commissioners found and declared "that all the assets of the Merced Bank (in liquidation) have been sold and all the proceeds therefrom paid to the creditors of the bank, and the affairs of the bank are fully administered and wound up." This order was entered by the bank commissioners, February 7, 1902, and could not have been true if the note and mortgage in suit had been regarded by the bank commissioners as assets of the bank in which the creditors generally were entitled to share. The transfer to plaintiff, October 2, 1900, was made while the bank commissioners were performing their duties; it was an open and well-known transaction, and must have come to the knowledge of the commissioners, and the undisputed evidence is that the transfer was in due course of liquidation of the bank's affairs. We must assume, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, that the bank commissioner sanctioned the transaction as done in process of liquidation, for, having knowledge of it, they were in position and it was their duty, if disapproved, to have arrested its consummation. Besides we do not see how in this action objection can be made on behalf of the creditors generally, or by the defendants as such creditors.
4. The claim that there is a failure to make findings upon material issues, and that the findings are conflicting must be disregarded; cases supra.
5. The securities held by Mrs. Ivett, being "things in action," are subjects of lien without change of possession (Kings v. Roberts (Cal.), 31 P. 620); and not being dependent upon possession, the redelivery to the bank for the purposes of collection did not extinguish the lien (Civ. Code, sec.
6. Plaintiff bank had a right to commence the action, as it was the owner of the note and mortgage, subject to Mrs. Ivett's lien, and was equally interested with her in enforcing collection. (Civ. Code, sec.
7. The action was properly commenced in the corporate name of the Merced Bank (Union Savings Bank v. Dunlap,
8. We see no reason for holding, under the bank commission act (Stats. 1895, p. 172), that the plaintiff corporation was without authority to absolutely transfer the cause of action to Mrs. Ivett, the transaction avowedly and in fact being in course of liquidation and being untainted by fraud, and, so far as appears, for the best interest of the creditors. Section 11 of the act makes it the duty of the commissioners to take control of the corporation and all its property until the order of the court, which "shall order the commissioners to surrender to the corporation the property thereof in their possession, for the purpose of liquidation. The directors or trustees of all banking corporations in liquidation shall be permitted to continue the management of the affairs of such corporations during the process of liquidation." The assets of the bank transferred by the agreement of October 2, 1900, were in pledge to Mrs. Ivett by the agreement of January 31, 1895, and before the commissioners took control of the bank. Her right to realize upon them in payment of the bank's indebtedness to her was fixed and determined. The bank did not keep faith with her in the matter of securing her claims. It was thought best that a full settlement between her and the bank should be made, and such settlement was necessary in order to wind up the affairs of the bank. Instead, therefore, of having these securities outstanding and in an unsettled condition as collateral, an agreement was made by which the bank was discharged from all liability to Mrs. Ivett, and she became the absolute owner of the assets. This was accomplished while the bank directors were acting under the control and supervision of the commissioners, and while the present action was pending. The act provides that the corporation "shall make reports of the condition of its affairs to the bank commissioners in the same manner as the solvent banks mentioned in the act, and, in addition thereto, shall state the amount of dividend paid, debts collected, and the amounts realized on property sold, if any, since the previous report." *189
(Section 11.) The court found: "That full reports of the business of said bank in liquidation had been regularly made to the bank commissioners as required by law, and all moneys collected by said bank in liquidation have been accounted for and reported to the Board of Commissioners." We must assume that the commissioners performed their official duty (Code Civ. Proc., sec. 1963), and, doing so, they must have had knowledge of and approved the transaction now in question; they could not otherwise have truthfully certified that the affairs were finally wound up. The act forbade the transaction of the usual banking business of the corporation — such as receiving deposits, loaning money and the like — but it had express statutory authority "to continue the management of the affairs of such corporation during the process of liquidation, under the direction of the bank commissioners." In Union Savings Bank
v. Dunlap,
9. Appellants contend, also, that the action was commenced by the wrong party, or in the wrong capacity, and that the defect is fatal and cannot be cured by an amendment substituting the right party. (Citing Dubbers v. Goux,
10. The point that the statute of limitations had run against the note and mortgage before the assignment to Mrs. Ivett, and that her substitution made her plaintiff in an action barred by the statute is without merit. Appellant's contention is that the filing of the complaint in the name of the Merced Bank as an existing corporation, without disclosing that it had been adjudged insolvent, was unauthorized and unlawful and was also unlawful because commenced to enforce a lien for the benefit of the lien claimant; that the running of the statute of limitations was not stopped because the action was unlawfully commenced, and therefore when Mrs. Ivett was substituted the action was barred by section
11. The order granting plaintiff's motion to file a supplemental complaint was within the discretion of the court, and will be reversed only upon a showing that this discretion was abused. (Yordi v. Yordi,
The foregoing disposes of all the questions which appear to call for examination. We discover no prejudicial error in the record, and the order is therefore affirmed.
Burnett, J., and Hart, J., concurred.
A petition to have the cause heard in the supreme court, after judgment in the district court of appeal, was denied by the supreme court on December 3, 1908, and the following opinion was then rendered thereon:
THE COURT. — The application for a hearing in this court after decision by the district court of appeal for the third district is denied. In so far as the opinion of that court may be held to intimate that an objection that the trial court *192 has failed to find upon a material issue cannot be considered upon a motion for a new trial, or on an appeal from an order denying such a motion, it is erroneous. It is well settled that such a failure renders the decision one against law. But we have been unable to ascertain from the record that there was any such failure in this case.
BEATTY, C. J. —
I concur in the foregoing modification as far as it goes. I also think there should be a rehearing.
Concurrence Opinion
I concur in the foregoing modification as far as it goes. I also think there should be a rehearing.
