In the case of Shepherd v. Thompson, 4 N. H. Rep. 213, it was decided that the declarations of deceased persons, as to boundaries of lands, are not admissible, when it appears that they have, from their situations, an interest to make the declarations. The true rule on this subject is said, in the same case, to be, that in questions upon a boundary, declarations as to the common opinion of the place made by deceased persons, who, from their situation, had the means of knowledge, and no interest to misrepresent, have been generally considered as admissible.
In Prescott v. Hawkins, (ante, 191,) a witness for the plaintiff testified that a deceased surveyor of Holderness, who was understood to have made the original survey and division of that town, went to the spot and pointed out a boundary as the corner of a certain lot, and the evidence was held in this Court to be competent.
Evidence of the same nature was received in Smith v. Powers, in Grafton county; and we consider it to be well settled in the practice of this State, that, on a question of ancient boundaries,
The declarations of Foster come clearly within this rule, and were properly admitted.
The deed of Benjamin Melvin, jr., to the plaintiff, was proved to have been lost. This laid the foundation for the admission of secondary evidence. Whether there are degrees of secondary evidence, is a question which has been discussed in numerous cases, and the decisions are by no means harmonious. In England, the weight of authority would seem to be against admitting any legal distinction in the different kinds of secondary evidence. In this country, the current of the decisions appears to be in the other direction.
Where a deed, in order to complete the title under our statutes, is required to be registered, the presumption will be, until the contrary is shown, that it was recorded. The deed, by our registration laws, is recorded or enrolled by a public officer in a public office; and this registration, required and regulated by law, is certainly more satisfactory evidence of the contents of the deed recorded, than the recollection of a witness, or any other evidence likely to be within the reach of the party, and may well be regarded as of a different and higher nature. In this view of the question, where the estate conveyed requires the deed to be recorded, better evidence of the contents than the testimony of witnesses is presumed to exist, until it is shown that the deed was not in fact recorded: In England, it is to be observed that there is no law providing for the general registration of deeds, and this consideration may have influenced the decisions in that country.
In this State, it is believed to have been the practice, in case
Was the evidence competent to go to the jury, that the deed recorded was the same deed, the execution of which the plaintiff had proved ? The plaintiff proved that a deed from Benjamin Melvin, jr., to himself, of land in New Hampshire, was executed at Lowell, Jin the county of Middlesex, between the first of March and the first of April, 1828, witnessed by John P. Robinson and John J. C. Knowlton; that Knowlton often wrote his name so obscurely that it might well be read John H. Knowlton.
He produces the record of a deed, dated March 22, 1828, acknowledged in the county of Middlesex, witnessed by John P. Robinson, and John Knowlton, with a character in the name of Knowlton which indicates that the initials of Knowlton’s middle name or names were so obscure in the original, that the recorder could not make them out. There is no evidence or suggestion that any other deed had ever passed between the parties.
We think it extremely clear that it was properly left to the jury to say whether the deed recorded was the same that was executed at Lowell. If the variance had been much greater, the jury might well find that the deed was the same. Indeed, considering the way in which the witness -was in the habit of signing his name, it can hardly be said that any variance at all is shown between the record and the other evidence of the deed. If the initials in the original were so illegible that the recorder could not read them, and attempted a fao simile, as appears to have been the case, would he be likely to come nearer the
Both exceptions to the evidence must be overruled, and there must be
Judgment on the verdict.