Appellant, through retained counsel, appealed his conviction on a guilty plea to a charge of assaulting a former, girl friend with a dangerous weapon, D.C. Code § 22-502. He claimed that because the alleged assault was perpetrated with a caustic acid, the indictment should have been brought for mayhem. D.C.Code § 22-506. At a hearing on the Government’s motion to dismiss this appeal, a pro se paper in the nature of a motion *221 to withdraw the guilty plea came to our attention. We put aside the motion to dismiss, and remanded to the District Court for a hearing on the motion to withdraw, retaining jurisdiction. The motion to withdraw the guilty plea was denied after hearing, and both matters are now before us.
The claim that the Government was required to indict appellant for mayhem rather than assault with a dangerous weapon is frivolous. The penalties under the statutes are identical. It cannot be doubted that the throwing of sulphuric acid in a person’s face constitutes an assault with a dangerous weapon, within the meaning of the statute. Tatum v. United States,
The motion to withdraw the guilty plea raises more difficult problems. Appellant’s pro se motion raised substantial questions in our minds whether his plea was voluntary, or was influenced by representations of counsel as to an agreement with the United States Attorney concerning the sentence he would receive on a guilty plea. Thus, we remanded. After the hearing on remand, appellant appealed pro se; his representations and the transcript of hearing led us to appoint an amicus to assist in the consideration of these questions.
The record amply supports amicus’ observation that:
[t]he hearing granted appellant was so unfair as to be no hearing at all but merely a protagonist’s implementation of a preconceived judgment. * * * While a trial judge is in an understandably difficult position in a case such as this, taking evidence upon and evaluating charges resting upon alleged incompetency and misconduct involving a member of the bar, nevertheless, a fair hearing of such charges requires open inquiry and objectivity rather than, as was evident in the conduct and the remarks of the trial judge below, merely an effort to vindicate counsel.
But the hearing’s flaws would be irrelevant if an avowal of innocence is a predicate of “manifest injustice” entitling a defendant to withdraw his plea of guilty after sentence, Rule 32(d), Fed.R.Crim.P. See Smith v. United States, 116 U.S.App.DC. 404, 408,
The question we must decide is what if any relief is appropriate to vindicate the
*222
procedures which the trial judge ignored. These procedures are of such importance, and the trial judge showed such disregard for them, that we cannot let the judgment stand without further, impartial inquiry. Post-plea inquiry into voluntariness is of uncertain value, and does not correct the error underlying receipt of the plea. In the special circumstances here, we think the request for leave to withdraw the plea should be considered under the pre-sen-tence standard: “if for
any reason
the granting of the privilege seems
fair and just.”
Gearhardt v. United States,
So ordered.
BASTIAN, Senior Circuit Judge, dissents from the opinion of the court and from the result reached.
Notes
. Appellant has conceded that he poured acid on his former girl friend and does not affirmatively claim a valid defeiise. However, he “emphatically denies” any felonious or criminal intent.
. The judge also failed to inquire whether appellant understood the elements of “assault.” He did ask whether appellant had “assaulted” the girl, but a non-lawyer may have thought the question referred only to physical acts. Appellant now denies felonious intent, note 1 supra.