171 Ky. 607 | Ky. Ct. App. | 1916
Opinion op the Court by
Affirming.
About five o’clock p. m., October 30, 1914, the appellee, Minnie Rollwage, was knocked down and injured at the crossing of Fourth and Walnut streets in the city of Louisville by an automobile owned and operated by the appellant, Frank Melville. Shortly thereafter she brought this action to recover of him damages.for the injuries sustained from the collision in question, alleging in the petition that they Avere caused by appellant’s negligent operation of the machine. The latter ausAA-ered, traversing the averments of the petition and alleging contributory negligence on the part of appellee. The trial resulted in a verdict and judgment in favor of appellee for $1,250.00. Appellant complains of the judgment, hence this appeal.
It appears from the evidence that appellee, a young lady twenty-five years of age, was going south on the west side of Fourth street, in company Avitli her sister and another young lady,- and that in crossing Walnut street the appellant, who was going west on Walnut street in his automobile, ran into the appellee, knocked her doAvn, ran one wheel of the machine over her body and knocked the two young' ladies with her down as well.
Fourth street runs north and south and Walnut street east and west, the Seelbach hotel being- the southwest corner, Selman’s mercantile building- on the northwest corner, the Stewart Dry G-oods Company’s building on the southeast corner and the United Cigar .store on the northeast corner. There are double lines of street car tracks on both Walnut and Fourth street. Not only is every building in this vicinity devoted to business purposes, but the intersection of the streets at this point is notoriously the most congested and busiest intersec
The foregoing facts were shown by the testimony of appellee, her two companions and other witnesses. Among the latter was J. W. Baymond, the traffic officer, whose position between the point of the accident and the approaching automobile enabled him, better than all, others, to see what occurred. His description of the accident was as follows:
“Well, sir, about five or ten minutes after five that afternoon there was an east Walnut street car going east and I blowed one whistle, that signified for traffic to go east and west; Mr. Melville was coming down in his automobile and this car was going east. The oar had started to go up and Mr. Melville came down with his. automobile and these young ladies there were standing on the south side of the car1 by the street car. (The Court):
John Walsburger, another police officer, was also near and -witnessed the accident. His description of the occurrence was as follows:
“(Q.) Did you notice whether they were walking or standing still or what they were doing when the automobile approached them? (A.) They had to stand still; the car was going east. (Q.) The street car? (A.) Yes, sir. (Q.) Did you hear a horn or any warning given of the approach of this automobile? (A.) No, sir; I did not; only the hollering. (Q.) How far was the automobile away from these young ladies when he hollered? (A.) Well, about five foot. (Q.) Can you tell the jury about how fast the automobile was running at that .time ? (A.) It was going right between ten and twelve miles an hour. ’ ’
The appellant’s theory of the accident was that appellee and her companions stepped out from the crowd of persons who' were crossing the street, in front of Ms automobile when it was only a few feet from them and too late for him to bring his car to a standstill and avoid the accident. He testified that he stopped his machine on the east side of Fourth street and did not again start it until the traffic officer gave the-signal, following- which he proceeded across Fourth street down to the point of the accident, at a slow rate of speed; that he sounded the horn of his machine upon starting it after the signal to move from the officer was given, but did not again
Without further 'discussing the evidence in detail it is sufficient to say that it abundantly justified the submission of the case to the jury. That introduced for appellee, if believed by the jury, authorized the conclusion expressed by their verdict, viz.: That her injuries were caused by appellant’s negligent operation of his automobile; and that she was not guilty of such contributory negligence as ought to have prevented the recovery by her of damages for the injuries sustained by reason of appellant’s negligence. The signal of the traffic officer, by reason of which appellant claims to have moved his automobile westwardly across Fourth street from the point where he had momentarily stopped it east of that street, did not relieve him of the duty of sounding the horn of his machine, slowing its speed or otherwise exercising reasonable care for the safety of pedestrians on the opposite foot-crossing, and as much of the evidence conduced to prove he failed to observe these duties after seeing a large crowd of pedestrians on the intersection, and by reason thereof appellee was struck by the machine and injured, such failure constituted actionable negligence. If, as testified by appellee, she looked before stepping from the pavement to ascertain whether vehicles were approaching from the east side of Fourth street, from which appellant’s automobile
In the very recent case of Weidner v. Otter, et al., 171 Ky. 167, the following general principles are emphasized as applicable to an action of the character here-involved: (1) It is the duty of the operator of an automobile at street crossings as well as at other places used by pedestrains, to keep a lookout, to run his ma'chine at a reasonable rate of speed, and to give warning of its approach; (2) It is the duty of a pedestrian in crossing a street used by automobiles and other vehicles to exercise such care as a person of ordinary prudence would exercise for his own safety in crossing a street at such a crossing, considering the amount and kind of vehicle traffic thereat. He is not obliged as a matter of law to look or listen for the approach of automobiles in order to keep out of their way, and whether he has exercised the proper degree of-care is for a jury to say under all the facts and circumstances shown by the evidence in the case; (3) The pedestrian and the automobilist have equal rights in streets that are set apart for the use of vehicles as well as for the accommodation of pedestrians, and each has rights that the other is bound to respect.
It appears from the record that appellant was permitted to introduce and read in evidence on the trial the following sections of an ordinance of the city of Louisville:
“Section 55. Duties of Pedestrians. The roadbeds of highways and streets are primarily intended for vehicles, but pedestrians have the right to cross them in safety, and all drivers of vehicles shall exercise all proper care not to injure pedestrians, and pedestrians, before stepping from the sidewalk to the roadbed, should ■'look to see what is approaching, and shall not needlessly
“Section 59. Obedience to Traffic Officers, etc. Drivers must at all times comply with any direction given by voice, hand or whistle of any officer of the police force as to stopping, starting, approaching or departing from any place, and also as to the manner of taking up or letting off passengers and the loading and unloading of vehicles.’.’
It is insisted for appellant that there was in the matter of receiving her injuries a violation 'by appellee of the provisions of one or both of the above sections, and that the trial court erred in refusing instructions Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 offered by appellant, by which the jury would have been advised of the effect to be given, in this case to the alleged violation of the provisions of the traffic ordinance. This contention is unsound. As the sections of the ordinance, supra, are but declaratory of the common law, their provisions did not - require of appellant or appellee any greater or different degree of care than that imposed by the law as uniformly applied by this court and clearly stated in the instructions that were given by the trial court; and although neither section is named in the instructions, the requirements of each are embraced therein. In other words, the law as expressed by the instructions is not in conflict with any provision of the ordinance and no provision of either section authorized the negligent operation of the automobile in the manner indulged in by appellant. For the foreg'oing’ reasons and because of the misleading’ effect they would probably have had upon the jury, the rejection by the court of the instructions offered by appellant on the subject of the ordinance was proper.
In contending that in starting his automobile from the east side of Fourth street as was done by him, appellant acted in obedience to a requirement of section 59 of the ordinance and a signal given by the traffic officer, his counsel ignore the negligence manifested by his subsequent conduct. He may have been authorized to move his automobile by a signal from the officer, but such signal did not require or authorize him'to move it over the intervening street and the crossing being’ used by appellee without giving the necessary warning of its move»
The only criticism of the instructions of the trial court found in the brief of the appellant’s counsel is directed at the seventh and last one, which objections we will later consider. It is their contention, however, that none of the instructions should have been given, because, in their view of the case, there was such a showing of contributory negligence on the part of appellee as entitled appellant to a peremptory instruction directing a verdict for him. Our consideration of the instructions convinces us that they correctly gave for the guidance of the jury all the law applicable to the issues of fact in the case. In addition to defining ordinary care and the measure of damages in the event of a recovery by appellee, the instructions advised the jury as to the reciprocal rights and duties of the appellant and appellee iu their use of the streets, the measure of care required of each, what acts or omissions on the part of appellant in operating his automobile would constitute actionable
Appellant’s objection to instruction No. 7, which gives the measure of damages, is that it permitted, in the event of a verdict for appellee, a recovery of damages for permanent injury. One of the injuries sustained by appellee from her collision with the automobile was a fracture of one of her ribs, which was broken loose. She also received various cuts and bruises about her body and limbs. The evidence shows that she was confined to her bed for two weeks, was then up and about for nearly two weeks and again confined to her bed; that during the entire time she suffered1 much physical and mental pain. Upon being confined to her bed the second time it was discovered by the family physician, Dr. Sauter, who examined her, that she had a movable kidney. After an abortive attempt to hold the kidney in its proper position with adhesive straps, it was determined by the physician that an operation for the purpose of permanently securing the kidney in its proper position and relieving her sufferings was indispensably necessary.. Thereupon a specialist, Dr. Schachner, was called in. According to his testimony he found appellee to be suffering a, great deal of pain, to relieve which and prevent lockjaw an injection of anti-tetanic serum was neces- ' sary. The operation for securing the kidney was performed by Dr. Schachner. It further appears from the testimony of both Dr. Sauter and Dr. Schachner that the movable kidney resulted from her collision with appellant’s automobile. The physicians expressed the opinion that her injuries were permanent. In view of the evidence we are of opinion that appellee was entitled
We are unable to sustain appellant’s final contention, that the amount of damages awarded appellee by the verdict was excessive. It appears that it will take $75.00 of the amount recovered to pay the bill incurred by her while in the hospital and that her doctors ’ bills amounted to about $300.00. There would, therefore, be left a. little less than $900.00 to compensate her for the injuries sustained. We are unwilling to declare this amount unreasonable.
Judgment affirmed.