83 N.Y.S. 603 | N.Y. Sup. Ct. | 1903
This is a suit in equity by grantor against grantee to compel specific performance of a contract to purchase real estate, the contract day being Hay llth, 1900. This is the third trial, judgment for the plaintiff on each former trial having been reversed and a new trial ordered. Such a history for equity suits was unheard of until recent years, and the novelty of it has not worn off among our educated bar. Since the beginning appeals from equity judgments have not been on bills of exceptions, but on the whole case; and the appeal court thus having all of the evidence before it, and reviewing the case thereon, gave the judgment which the chancellor should have given, if his judgment was found to be wrong. The judgment was not reversed and sent back to the chancellor or equity judge for a new trial, that is to say, with instruction to spit on his thumb and rub out the evidence, then take it over again and decide the case anew; on the contrary, the proper judgment was given and the case ended. That was the purpose of the appeal. In common law actions, on the other hand, the appeal from the judgment was and is not on the entire evidence, but on a bill of exceptions, and if the judgment is reversed a new trial has to be ordered. The parties being entitled to a trial by jury, the appeal court cannot give judgment on the facts contrary to the finding of the jury, but must order a new trial; but no such difficulty besets an equity judgment. Where evidence is improperly excluded in an equity case it has to be sent back; but that seldom happens, for everything is taken in equity, unless to save time; the question on appeal being whether the findings are adequately sustained by competent evidence, and not merely whether incompetent evidence has been received.
The plaintiff claims title through the will of John Cleu, who died seized of the land in 1866. In 1872 his widow conveyed to the plaintiff. Unless, therefore, it is proved that the widow got title through a will of her husband competent to devise land in this state, the plaintiff must fail; and the burden is on the plaintiff to show that fact, it appearing that the widow got no title by conveyance.
On the first trial, in March, 1901, the plaintiff sought to prove the will of Cleu by reading in evidence the record in the Surrogate’s Court of Kings county, where the land is situated, of an exemplified copy of the record of the will and of the proofs thereof from the office of the register of wills in Philadelphia, Penn. From this it appears that his will devising all of liis real estate to his wife was proved and admitted to probate in Philadelphia in 1866, before a deputy register of wills, and recorded. Such proofs failed to show, however, that the witnesses to the will acted as such at the testator’s request, as is necessary to the validity of a will by our statute of wills; nor was the fact attested by the attestation clause of the will. But such record showed that six years later, viz., in 1872, these witnesses came back and made oath anew before another deputy register, showing 'that the testator requested them to act, and this was added to the record; but there was no new probate.
The learned trial judge deemed this sufficient proof of a will under our statute allowing proof by such a record (Code Civ. Pro., § 2703). The judgment was reversed on appeal on the ground that the proofs on which the will was probated in 1866 were insufficient, i. e., in that they did not show that the subscribing witnesses were requested to act by the testator, and that therefore the record did not show a valid will (68 App. Div. 182); following two former decisions in this state (Matter of Langbein, 1 Dem. 448;
On the new trial, in March, 1902, the evidence was the same, except that the plaintiff in addition to the said record of our Surrogate’^ Court read in evidence a copy of the said Philadelphia record certified by the register of wills of Philadelphia on February 20th, 1902, but not recorded in our Surrogate’s Court. It is said to have been introduced under section 2632 of our Code of Civil Procedure as amended in 1901, making such foreign record competent evidence to prove the will in our courts “ when thirty years have elapsed since the will was proved,” which was the case', the will having been probated in Philadelphia in 1866, as we have seen.
The learned trial justice gave judgment for the plaintiff; but this judgment was reversed on the following memorandum per curiam: “We think that inasmuch as thirty years had not expired at the time of the trial of this action, after the second record in Philadelphia, the decision in this ease must be controlled by the former decision.” This would seem to imply that what it calls “ the second record in Philadelphia,” viz., the record of the additional oaths •of the witnesses in 1872, amounts to something, is, in fine, the probate of the will, although the former decision of the learned court held it was not, and that such oaths could not be considered as part of the probate. If they are to be deemed part of the probate, then the first judgment would seem to have been erroneously reversed, for the record from our Surrogate’s Oourt which was read in evidence on the first trial consisted of - the entire Philadelphia record, including the said oaths of 1872, as we have seen. Whether the foreign record be received under section 2703 of the Code, through its record in our Surrogate’s Oourt, as it was on the first and second trials, or under section 2632, as an independent record, as on the second trial, it is the same record still.
The third trial was had before me on May 5th,' 1903, which is more than thirty years after the making of the
I confess to much embarrassment as to what to do. The decision on the first appeal that the lack of evidence on the probate in 1866, that the testator requested the witnesses, was fatal, and not helped out by the additional oaths of 1812, is certainly binding on me. On the other hand, the decision on the second appeal that the thirty years run not from the date of probate in 1866, hut from the time when the additional oaths were made in 1812, seems to unmistakably mean that the will was proved in 1812, for otherwise the thirty years could not he set running from that date.
Beset by these two positions, which seem to me contradictory, though owing, more likely, to my own shortcomings, I venture to suggest that the thirty years’ amendment of the said section 2632, can have no application to the case at all; for the question is of the title presented on the contract day-in 1900, and not of the title the plaintiff is able to present now by means of an act of the legislature passed in 1901. The defendant was entitled to a marketable title on the contract day; that it has been made marketable since, by whatever means, does not enter into the case.
. Judgment for the defendant, with the costs of the first trial only.