Megraw v. Woods

93 Mo. App. 647 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1902

ELLISON, J.

This is an action against husband and wife to recover judgment for balance due for rent of house1 which was occupied by them as a' family residence. There was a demurrer to the petition and, it being sustained by the-trial court, plaintiff declined to amend and has brought the-case here.

It was conceded that a house, as a residence for the family, was included in family necessaries. Reed v. Crissy, 63 Mo. App. 184. The particular ground of the demurrer is that the property sought to be held was not described in the petition.

There are two sections of the statute which provide that the wife’s separate property may be taken in execution- for the liabilities of the husband created for necessaries for the family. That section which secures to the wife the rents, issues and products of her real estate free from the claim of' her husband’s creditors provides, by way of exception, that such rents and products may be taken for his debts which were created for necessaries for the family (see. 4339, R. S. 1899). The other section also secures to her free from the husband’s debts, the income and profits of her real estate, as well as other properties mentioned therein; and it also provides, by way of exception, that her personal property shall be liable for the husband’s debts for family necessaries. This latter section contains the following proviso: “Provided, that before any execution shall be levied upon any separate estate of a married woman, she shall have been made a party to the action, and all questions involved shall have been therein determined, and shall be recited in the judgment and the execution thereon.” Sec. 4340, R. S. 1899. This proviso applies to both sections. So that the question to determine is, what is its proper construction? It was added to the statute by way of amendment in 1895. Prior to that amendment it had been decided by this court that before the wife’s property could be taken in execution for the husband’s debts for the necessaries for the family, she must be made a party to the suit; that the petition should allege that she had such separate property and owned it at the time the debt sued for was contracted, and that it should describe the property. Gabriel v. Mullen, 30 Mo. App. 464; Bedsworth v. Bowman, 31 Mo. App. 116. Those cases were certified to the Supreme Court. The latter was heard first, and that court decided that it was necessary to make the wife a party. 104 Mo. 44. After-wards, the former case was heard and the Supreme Court, by majority opinion, overruled their decision in the Bedsworth case. 111 Mo. 119. Then shortly afterwards, in 1895, followed the amendment aforesaid, _ wherein the Legislature abrogated the last ruling of the Supreme Court by enacting, not only that the wife should be made a party, but that all questions involved in the case should be determined and should be recited in the judgment and execution.

What are the questions involved in a suit against the husband and wife where it is sought to take her separate property for his debt for family necessaries ? It is manifest that whether the debt was for necessaries for the family; and whether the wife had a separate estate; and necessarily a description of such estate, are questions involved. Latimer v. Newman, 69 Mo. App. 76. We think that it is clear that whether such estate was owned at the time the debt was contracted and at the time suit was brought, are questions also involved in the action. That this latter proposition must be true will appear from the familiar consideration that what are family necessaries depend largely upon the property condition of the husband or wife. Eor the purposes of this ease, we may confine that observation to the wife alone. If she is a woman of large wealth, necessaries become enlarged into what, in some instances, would be luxuries. Necessary plain clothing for decency and comfort become, under the increased wants which follow wealth, fine raiment made in great part for attractiveness and set off with jewels; and the modest house at small annual rent gives way to a more pretentious dwelling at a much greater rental. So, whether an article purchased is a “necessary” article depends much on the ability of the woman to afford it and the style of life she leads. And that depends on the amount and value of her property and the pretensions she makes in life. Thus, suppose husband and wife are quite poor and he should purchase some household article of great value. It would not be considered by the courts as an article of family necessity, and, therefore, her small property could not be made liable for the payment of its price. The liability of her property is settled by a determination of whether the article purchased is a family necessary, and whether it is a family necessary is determined by the extent and value of her property and the style of life she affects. Her property status, mode of life and condition at the time of the purchase, fixes the status of the thing purchased. And it is not changed by subsequent change of condition. If the husband of a woman of great wealth should purchase a costly anide which would only be considered a necessity for the wealthy, and she should afterwards lose all her possessions and then afterwards, by some separate and independent mode, acquire a small separate estate, could it be that the creditor could take it from her, on the plea that when bought she had property which justified its purchase as a necessity ?

“The law can not be supposed to have contemplated the acquirement of necessaries on the credit of such separate estate as might afterwards come to the wife, nor the sale of them, in reference to the liability of any subsequent estate. The pui’chase can not be supposed to have been made on the credit, nor the sale on the faith, of any other than the existing separate estate. An analysis of the spirit and object of the law, therefore, gives support to the proposition, that only the separate estate of a married woman, bad at the time of the contract, is liable for it.” Ravisies v. Stoddart, 32 Alabama 599. And so we decided in Osborne v. Graham, 46 Mo. App. 28. There can be no personal judgment against her for such debt of her husband. It is only her' property which is.liable. Harned v. Shores, 75 Mo. App. 500. Therefore, “as to the wife the suit is rather a proceeding in rem than in personam. The judgment rendered as to her, ascertains and concludes no- fact except that she has a separate estate, subject to its satisfaction. It is of consequence a rule of pleading, that to support the proceeding, the existence of this estate must be averred, and that it may be known on what the judgment is to operate, it must be described. The separate estate being an indispensable element of the proceeding, it must exist when the contract is made, out of which its liability arises; and its existence must continue to the institution of the suit. If when the contract is made the estate does not exist, the liability can not arise; and if it is exhausted, or from any cause ceases to exist before institution of suit, there would be no foundation for a judgment as to the wife.” Pippin v, Jones, 52 Ala. 161; Cauley v. Blue, 62 Ala. 77. Considering the opinions which have been delivered here and by tlie Supreme Court in Gabriel v. Mullen, and by the Supreme Court in Bedsworth v. Bowman, in connection with the amendment aforesaid, we must conclude that the amendment was intended to enact into law the views expressed by the Supreme Court in the Bedsworth case and by this court in the Gabriel case as being the law. In the Gabriel case we stated that suits of this character should be brought in equity. Merwin on Equity, secs. 48-52. The Supreme Court in the Bedsworth case, as to that point, said it could be maintained at law; and so that view must prevail.

We are therefore of the opinion that a proper and reasonable construction of the statute requires the petition to describe the personal estate of the wife which is sought to be held. That this estate must have been in existence when the necessaries were purchased and when the action was instituted. And that the judgment and execution should each recite that the debt was for necessaries and should each describe the property. The petition wholly failed to meet these requirements. It alleges that the wife was the owner of a certain farm, describing it, and concludes with the following prayer:

“Plaintiff therefore asks judgment for said balance, to-wit, $481.93, with interest at six per cent per annum from said twenty-seventh day of March, 1900, and costs of suit; and plaintiff further prays that said debt and costs be adjudged a debt for necessaries within the meaning of the statutes relating to the separate estate of married women, and that the same and the execution issued thereon may be satisfied out of the rents, issues and products of the farm of said Bowena A. Woods, and for such further relief as may be proper.”

The only thing described is the real estate. And that is not liable for the debt under the statute. Hamed v. Shores, supra. There is no description of personal property, i. e., the rents, issues and products of the real estate. There is no identification of any product by stating what it consisted of, or whether it was a crop in existence when the debt, or any several part thereof, was created, or when the suit was brought. Indeed, plaintiff makes no claim tbat a description of personal property is stated.

The petition in stating the cause of action alleges that it was understood that rent was to be paid out of the products of the farm and that the husband’s promise to that effect was made with the consent of the wife. It is sufficient to say of these allegations that the petition, as a whole, does not state a cause of action against the wife; and its object, as clearly disclosed, was to state a case under the statute we have discussed. It is therefore useless to complicate the question involved with a discussion of what rights and remedies may exist against a married woman on her own contract for family necessaries.

The trial court, in our opinion, took the right view of the ease and its judgment will be affirmed.

All concur.