218 F. 686 | W.D. Mo. | 1915
The complainant, a .Texas corporation, seeks to recover from the defendants, a grain brokerage company of Kansas City, Mo., and its controlling officers, and one F. M. Rogers, who was treasurer and general manager of the complainant, an amount equivalent to the funds and moneys of the complainant alleged to have been unlawfully, by collusion and conspiracy on the part, of the defendants, diverted from the uses and corporate purposes of the complainant, and by the defendants appropriated to unlawful and illegal uses by means of certain wagers or gambling transactions with respect to the rise and fall of future prices of grain. The complainant’s charter limits its powers and purposes to those of owning and operating a flour mill and the necessary lands, buildings, machinery, and appliances therefor, and “to purchase grain and other property.necessary for the operation of the said mill, and to transact all business incident thereto for the mutual profit and benefit of the stockholders.”
The statutes of Missouri relative to contracts for the purchase and sale of grain apd other products for future delivery (section 4780, R. S. Mo. 1909) provide:
“All purchases and sales or pretended purchases and sales, or contracts and agreements for the purchase and sale, of the shares of stocks or bonds of any corporation, or petroleum, provisions, cotton, grain or agricultural products whatever, either on margin or otherwise, without any intention of receiving and paying for the property so bought, or of delivering the property so sold, and all the buying or selling or pretended buying or selling of such property on margins or on optional delivery, when the party selling the same, or offering to sell the same, does not intend to have the full amount of the*689 property on hand or under his control to deliver upon such sale, or when the party buying any of such property or offering to buy the same does not intend actually to receive the full amount of the same if purchased, axe hereby declared to be gambling and unlawful, and the same are hereby prohibited. Any company, copartnership or corporation, or member, officer or agent thereof, or any person found guilty of a violation of the provisions of this section, shall be fined in a sum not less than three hundred dollars nor more than three thousand dollars.”
Section 4785 provides:
“All contracts made in violation of section 4780 * * * of this article shall be considered gambling- contracts and shall be void.”
The trades under review began about the middle of April, and ended about the middle of July, 1910. The first one was arranged between Rogers personally and the defendants as a pretended sale of 10,000 bushels of wheat, and was closed out three days later at a profit. The defendant corporation was a member of the Kansás City Board of Trade, and all the deals were cleared and closed out through what is known as the clearing house of that board. All of the trades through the clearing house were conducted in the name of the defendant corporation and as its business, and all marginal differences were settled by debit and credit to the defendant corporation. As losses would occur, the defendant corporation, acting through its controlling officers, who were also defendants, would draw its draft upon the milling company for the amount of those losses, and Rogers, either personally or by directing some clerk so to do, would draw a check on the funds of the plaintiff corporation in its bank, and so pay the drafts of the defendant corporation. By those means the funds of complainant were transferred to the treasury of the defendant corporation. The source of these funds and the nature of the trades made were well known to the defendants.
Largely as a result of these and similar transactions the plaintiff corporation suffered financial embarrassment, and the situation was revealed to its controlling officers and directors. Shortly thereafter negotiations were had with its creditors looking to a discharge of its indebtedness and to possible rehabilitation. Among other things, a transfer of this cause of action to one, D. T. Bomar, a director and counsel of the complainant company was considered. Appropriate resolutions were adopted by the board of directors, and a tentative agreement to that effect was made; but that arrangement and agreement were, prior to the institution of this suit, canceled and annulled, and this action by the corporation was instituted with the assent and approval of all the parties in interest.
Two questions are interposed at the outset: (1) Is the suit properly addressed to a court of equity? (2) Has the conspiracy charge been established, and, if not, what is the resulting effect upon complainant’s right to recover?
“The.test to be applied in determining whether sales of commodities for future delivery are legitimate business transactions, or are fictitiously made for the purposes of gambling, is to ascertain the real intention of the parties with respect to the actual delivery of the commodity. A person has the right to sell for future delivery a thing he does not .own, provided he and his vendee intend at the time that an actual delivery is to be made; and parties to such contracts have the undoubted right afterwards to release each other from performance, either with or without the payment of a consideration by one of them. Such incidents are not uncommon in legitimate business. But the mere making of a written contract under which a delivery or its legal equivalent may be compelled is by no means conclusive of a mutual intention to deliver. The real intention is to be gleaned from all the facts and circumstances, and when it appears that the written agreement is a subterfuge intended to conceal the actual agreement it will be disregarded. Lane v. Logan Grain Co., 105 Mo. App. 215 [79 S. W. 722].”
“The doctrine of ultra vires, by which a contract made by a corporation beyond the scope of its corporate powers is unlawful and void, and will not support an action, rests, as this court has often recognized and affirmed, upon three distinct grounds: The obligation of any one contracting with a corporation to take notice of the legal limits of its powers; the interest of the stockholders not to be subject to risks which they have never undertaken; and, above all, the interest of the public that the corporation shall not transcend the powers conferred upon it by law.”
Where, in addition thereto, the act is immoral, as viewed by the expressed policy of the state, the reasoning takes on added strength. The transactions here complained of were conducted by the treasurer of the milling company on the one side, and by the defendant-corporation, through its officers named as codefendants, on the other. To my mind the evidence clearly discloses that they were gambling transactions pure and simple. No delivery was contemplated by either party. The grain was not bought and sold for future delivery for the use of the milling company in a legitimate way and to protect it against market fluctuations, but merely for the purpose of closing out the deals upon market quotations. Defendants knew that the funds of complainant were being diverted for this unlawful purpose. The amount thus diverted appears to be $23,362.50.
If complainant were an individual, whose funds had been thus employed by an agent without authority, there could be little division as to the law. Are the stockholders of a business corporation less fortunately situated? It is of paramount importance that the funds of such corporation should not be diverted by its agents from their legitimate channels and applied to unauthorized and forbidden uses with knowledge, actual and constructive, of third parties by whom, as broker or principal, the funds thus diverted are received and misapplied. If this remedy does not exist, the law forbidding transactions of the nature here involved is easily susceptible of evasion.
A decree will be entered accordingly.