191 Iowa 547 | Iowa | 1921
On the evening of May 7, 1916, about 9 o’clock, a Ford car, driven by plaintiff, and a Spaulding car, driven by A. F. McClune, collided on the public highway, a few miles from Thornburg. As a result of the collision, A. F. McClune, his mother, and his little boy were killed, and the plaintiff received personal injuries and damages to his car.
The road on which the accident happened is an east and west road, and at the place of the accident is about 28 feet wide, the traveled portion thereof being about 21 feet. The plaintiff was going east, accompanied by a Dr. Tinsley, who was on his way to make a professional call at the farm home of Tom White. The Ford car, at the time of the collision, according to the testimony of plaintiff, was traveling at the rate of 12 to 15 miles per hour, and the McClune car, in the judgment of plaintiff, “was going 48 to 49 miles an hour.’’ McClune and his family had attended church at Keswick and were on their way home, traveling west at the time of the collision.
About 85 feet west of the point of collision is a culvert, over which there was a slight rise or bump, about 4 inches above the level of the road, and about 3 feet wide. This strip of road is approximately level. From the intersection of the east and west road with the road running north and south, called the ‘ ‘ T ” road, the first high point east of the intersection is 648 feet distant. In this space there is a rise of 30 feet. From the high point to the place of collision is 344 feet, and from the latter point for 441 feet east there is a rise of 16 feet. In the next 200 feet there is a descent of approximately 4 feet, and in the next 659 feet there is a rise in the grade of 32 feet.
At about the point of the collision, 10 willow trees were
On the evening in question, it had rained some, and the road in spots was slippery. The lights on each car were being used, and the respective drivers saw the other’s car for a considerable space before the accident.
Pearl McClune, the widow of A. F. McOlune, and only survivor of the occupants of the Spaulding car, testified that “it appeared that the ears were going to pass;” and both plaintiff and Dr. Tinsley testified to the same effect.
Plaintiff instituted this action by filing a claim for damages against the estate >of A. F. McClune.
I. The errors relied upon for a reversal find their lodgment in the instructions given by the trial court. Space will not permit the incorporation into this opinion of the 23 instructions given, nor would any good purpose be served in so doing. Sufficient to state, they were of the ordinary sort in personal injury eases, couched in plain and simple English, subject to certain verbal criticism, and with more or less repetition in statement of legal principles.
It is the duty of the trial court, on its own motion, to instruct fully on the issues, as warranted by the pleadings and the evidence. With this thought in mind, appellant contends that the court should have also submitted: (1) That the said McClune did not have his machine under control at the time of
We think these matters were sufficiently embodied in the instructions given. In one instruction, the court told the jury that the deceased was required to operate his automobile with the same caution, prudence, and care for the safety of those using the public highway as an ordinarily cautious and prudent man would exercise under the same or like circumstances, and that they should take into consideration, as shown by the evidence, the time and place where the car was operated, rate of speed, where it was being driven on the highway, — that is, as to the right or wrong side thereof, — and his manner of driving. In another instruction, the jury was told to consider, in connection with the speed of the defendant’s car at the time of and prior to the accident, the physical condition of the road, as to mud, traveling down hill, and whether wet and slippery, and after considering these conditions and any conditions making traveling difficult and dangerous to others, determine whether the defendant was operating his car as an ordinarily prudent man, etc.
In another instruction, portions of the Motor Vehicle Law applicable to this case were quoted, viz.: (1) The driving of the car in a careful and prudent manner; (2) the rate of speed and the attending presumption; (3) the turning to the right, in passing a vehicle driven in the opposite direction.
In the light of the instructions given, and of the failure to request more specific instructions in this regard, error cannot he predicated thereon.
IY. In one instruction, the court told the jury, in substance, that, if it was found from the evidence that the deceased, A. F. McClune, was driving his car to the left, and towards the south side of the highway, and by reason thereof the collision occurred, it would' be, at first view, evidence of negligence on the part of deceased, since the law makes it the duty of parties driving a vehicle on the public highway, in passing a vehicle driven in an opposite direction, to turn to the right. The court, in this instruction, also said:
“You are further instructed that, if you find by a preponderance of the evidence that the deceased, without good reason or justification, and failing to use ordinary care, was negligent in turning to the left, if he did so turn, or if the deceased negligently failed to turn to the right, and by reason thereof collided with plaintiff’s automobile and damaged same*552 and injured plaintiff, and suck negligence, if any, was the proximate cause of plaintiff’s injuries as alleged,” etc.
The specific complaint is that:
"Nowhere in the whole record is there any attempt made to excuse or justify McClune in turning to the left.”
We will not quote the testimony as to the movements of plaintiff’s car after crossing the culvert, or the location of the tools of the Ford car after the accident; but it is apparent that this part of the instruction is not without support in the evidence.
Y. Error is predicated in the giving of Instruction XVI, which reads as follows:
5 highways: law sumptionPof" negligence. "As the court has heretofore instructed you that, when a Person drives a motor vehicle on a highway at a Srea^er rate of speed than 25 miles per hour, that such rate of speed shall be presumptive evidence of driving at a rate of speed which is not careful and' prudent, in case of injury to the person or property of another, and upon this you are instructed that, if you find from the evidence that the plaintiff, at the time of the collision with the automobile of the deceased, was driving his automobile at and on the public highway at a speed in excess of 25 miles per hour, then such excessive rate of speed was presumptive evidence of the negligence of the plaintiff; and if you find further that, by reason of such excessive speed, if any, the same contributed to the collision and injury of which plaintiff complains, then the plaintiff cannot recover.”
Are the provisions of Section 1571-ml9, Code Supplement, 1913, applicable to the facts in this case, as bearing upon the question of contributory negligence?
Appellant contends that this statute has no application to the speed of plaintiff’s ear, and that it is not intended to refer to a plaintiff’s contributory negligence.
This provision makes a speed in excess of 25 miles an hour, in case of injury to the person or property of another, presumptive evidence that the vehicle was not being driven at a rate which is careful and prudent. It is a rule of evidence. If it can be said, under the facts of the case, that the automobile was moving faster than 25 miles an hour, "a prima-facie case is
Clearly, the negligence of plaintiff is measured by the same tests, whether statutory or otherwise, as the negligence of defendant. There is but one legal yardstick in these particulars. True, the contributory negligence in question must have a causal connection with the collision and the consequent injuries, and plaintiff’s negligence cannot be found to be the proximate cause unless, but for such negligence, the injury would not have happened. Clark v. Weathers, 178 Iowa 97.
If an instruction given is not prejudicial, it is not reversible error. Haradon v. Sloan, 157 Iowa 608.