McRae v. StateMcRae v. State
- Reporters:
- , ,
- Before:
- Murphy
On Mаrch 15, 1967, the appellant, Jimmie McRae, was tried in the Criminal Court of Baltimore by Judge Charles D. Harris, sitting without a jury, and was convictеd of grand larceny. He received a sentence of not more than four years.
Appellant raises four contentions on appeal:
1. That the arresting officer did not have sufficient probable cause to arrest the appellant.
2. That the evidence was illegally obtained.
3. That the pre-lineup preparation wаs conducted in such a way as to prejudicially suggest the identification of the appellant.
4. That the State’s failurе to provide the appellant with the names of “informers” constituted reversible error.
On January 31, 1967, at about 2 a.m., a seaman named Sivert S. Nygaard was drinking coffee in the Plying Saucer Restaurant in Baltimore City, when he ordered and paid for а coke for a man seated next to him. Thereafter, he asked that man the whereabouts of the men’s room. Upon entering the restroom he noted he was accompanied by his new acquaintance. They remained in the restrоom for two and one-half minutes “and as I was standing there, all of a sudden, all of a sudden I felt a hand in my right hip pocket. He took my wallet.” The wallet con- *391 tamed approximately $895.00. Appellant ran from the restaurant and Mr. Nygaard could not catch him, so he called the police.
Officer Frank Wolski was assigned to the investigation and from Mr. Nygaard’s descriрtion went to the Police Department’s Bureau of Identification obtaining five photographs, including appellаnt’s. Officer Wolski testified he had known the appellant and had observed him in the neighborhood. The photographs were viewed by Mr. Nygaard and he identified the appellant.
On February 2, 1967, at about 2:15 a.m., appellant was arrested by Officer Wоlski without a warrant and a search of his person revealed $4.00 in his pocket and $320.00 in his left sock.
Mr. Nygaard successfully picked the appellant from a lineup and subsequently identified him in court.
I
As we stated in Boone v. State, 2 Md. App. 479, 480, 235 A. 2d 567 (1967):
“It has long been the rule in this State that a police officer may arrest without a warrant where he has reasonable grounds to believe that a felony has been сommitted and that the person arrested has committed the felony. Probable cause exists where the facts and circumstances within the officers’ knowledge and of which they had reasonably trustworthy information to warrant a man of reаsonable caution in the belief that an offense had been committed. Mulcahy v. State, 221 Md. 413, 158 A. 2d 80 (1960); Jones v. State, 242 Md. 95, 218 A. 2d 7 (1966).”
It is well settled that sufficient probable cаuse for an arrest exists where there is a report of a felony and a description of the perpetratоr. Hopkins and Terry v. State, 239 Md. 517, 520, 211 A. 2d 831 (1965) citing Farrow v. State, 233 Md. 526, 531, 197 A. 2d 434 (1964).
In the instant case, Officer Wolski knew the felony had been committed, was possessed of the victim’s description of his assailant, was present when the victim picked appellant’s photo *392 graph from the group of five presented, and personally knew the appellant frequented the neighborhood where the crime occurred. Under the аbove facts and circumstances, we find that there was sufficient probable cause to believe that a felоny had been committed and that the person arrested had committed that felony.
II
“[Wjhere circumstances make аn arrest without a warrant lawful, it is permissible, as an incident to the arrest, to search the person of the suspect and to take into custody and examine the tangible evidence or instruments of the crime, whether upon his person or within his рresent or immediate possession.” Mulcahy v. State, 221 Md. 413, 422, 158 A. 2d 80 (1960); David v. State, 1 Md. App. 666, 669-670, 232 A. 2d 553 (1967). Here, the evidence seized was secured incidental to a lawful arrest аnd therefore was properly admitted into evidence.
III
Appellant’s third contention that the pre-lineup preparation was conducted in such a way as to prejudicially suggest the identification of the appellant is withоut merit. While it is true that the victim identified the appellant from a group of photographs prior to the lineup at whiсh he later identified the appellant, there is no indication from the testimony that the appellant’s identification was prejudicially inspired, as the victim had ample opportunity to observe the features of the appellant during the time that he was seated next to him in the restaurant.
Furthermore, it was settled by Stovall v. Denno, 388 U. S. 293, 87 S. Ct. 1967, 18 L. Ed. 2d 1199, that the legal principles enunciated in United States v. Wade, 388 U. S. 218, 87 S. Ct. 1926, 18 L. Ed. 2d 1149, and Gilbert v. California, 388 U. S. 263, 87 S. Ct. 1951, 18 L. Ed. 2d 1178, all decided on June 12, 1967, apply only to lineups conductеd after June 12, 1967. Tender v. State, 2 Md. App. 692, 696, 237 A. 2d 65 (1968).
Furthermore, the victim’s testimony indicates that the police officer informed him of the appellant’s nаme only after the appellant’s photograph had been clearly and positively picked out by the victim from the group of five photographs submitted to *393 him. The testimony of Officer Wolski fully supports this inference. The victim also identifiеd the appellant in court. It is well established that the positive identification of a single eyewitness, if believed by the trier of facts, is ample evidence to sustain the conviction. Montague v. State, 3 Md. App. 66, 71, 237 A. 2d 816 (1968); Hutchinson v. State, 1 Md. App. 362, 367, 230 A. 2d 352 (1967); Crumb v. State, 1 Md. App. 98, 103, 227 A. 2d 369 (1967).
Assuming arguendo, some conflict in the testimony of the victim and officer regarding this point, it is clear that in non-jury trials, the weight of the evidence and the credibility of the witnesses is for the determination of the trial judge. Lucas v. State, 2 Md. App. 590, 593, 235 A. 2d 780 (1968); Dunlap v. State, 1 Md. App. 444, 230 A. 2d 690 (1967).
Appellant’s final contention is also without merit. The thrust of this contention is that informers supplied the prerequisite probable cause upon which the appellant’s arrest was based and therefore their identification was essential to a fair determination of this cause. The issue of probable cause was forеclosed by the officer’s testimony that he had relied solely upon the description and information supplied by the viсtim in conjunction with the victim picking the appellant’s photograph from the group of five presented. The additional information sought from the witnesses at the situs of the crime was in no way linked to the establishment of probable causе for appellant’s arrest. As noted above, the victim’s report and his description of the perpetrator supplied ample probable cause. Hopkins and Terry v. State, supra; Farrow v. State, supra.
Judgment affirmed.