delivered the opinion of the court:
This is a bill to enjoin defendant in error from trespassing upon certain premises in the city of Alton known as public city commons. The bill alleges that the defendant in error is seeking to build a railroad track on said premises, in violation of the rights of the plaintiff in error as lessee of a certain, portion thereof, and of his rights as a citizen and tax-payer of the city of Alton and of all the citizens of Alton. The bill avers that the plaintiff in error is in possession of a certain portion of said tract of land under a lease from the city of Alton for a term of twenty-five years, with a privilege of renewal of the lease for a like period. Defendant in error filed its answer to the bill, denying that the lease of the plaintiff in error is a valid or binding lease, but averring that the lease is ultra vires the power of the city council of the city of Alton and is null and void. The answer alleges that defendant in error holds a franchise executed by the city of Alton for the use of certain of the premises described, for the purpose of constructing and maintaining thereon a railroad track; that said franchise is not in violation of the terms of the dedication of such land to the public as commons. The answer avers that plaintiff in error has no right to an injunction as a citizen and tax-payer of the city of Alton, for the reason that he has not alleged or proven any special damage to him arising out of such use of the premises by defendant in error. A replication was filed to this answer and the cause was referred to the master in chancery, who reported as his conclusion of law that plaintiff in error was not entitled to the injunction prayed for under his lease for the reason that the city council had no power to enter into the same; that he had no right to such injunction as a citizen and tax-payer of the city of Alton for the reason that he had not shown any special damages to him. The master found that the franchise to the defendant in error is not a violation of the dedication of the premises in question as public commons. The chancellor overruled exceptions to the master’s report and approved the same and dismissed the plaintiff in error’s bill for want of equity.
The property in this dispute borders on the north bank of the Mississippi river, which flows from west to east at Alton. In 1850 Charles W. Hunter laid out an addition to the city of Alton. He platted certain blocks lying between Front street and the river. In addition to the lands platted as blocks and lots he dedicated as public city commons a tract of about 51 acres also lying between Front street and the river. This tract was dedicated as “public grounds of the city, never to be owned as individual or private property.” On November 1, 1902, plaintiff in error and the city of Alton entered into a lease by which a certain part, approximating about 31 acres, of the premises dedicated as public commons was attempted to be leased to the plaintiff in error for a term of twenty-five years at an annual rental of $10, with privilege of renewal for a like term of years at a rental to be .agreed upon as provided in the lease. Plaintiff in error paid the rental on this property until 1910, when for three years he paid no rental. In 1914 he attempted to pay the back rent, which, however, the city declined to accept and thereafter refused to recognize any rights of plaintiff in error under the said lease, although no action has been taken to cancel the same. In February, 1917, the city council of the city of Alton granted a franchise to the defendant in error to construct and maintain a switch-track over certain portions of the public commons sought to be held by plaintiff in error under his lease, and the defendant in error built thereon a side-track or switch from its other lines to its docks on certain land fronting on the river.
The first question arising in this case is whether or not plaintiff in error, under the averments of his bill, is entitled to the injunction prayed. It has long been the settled law in this State that where lands are dedicated to the public for particular purposes they can be used for such purposes only. For those purposes the city may improve, fence, beautify and control them and adopt all necessary rules and regulations concerning their management. Acting in this capacity, the city occupies the relation of trustee of said premises, holding them in trust for the benefit of the public. The right to the use of such property is not limited to the citizens of the city in which such lands are dedicated, but the citizens of the State generally have an equal right in them and a proper enjoyment of them. The city cannot alien or otherwise dispose of them for its own benefit. (Guttery v. Glenn,
Plaintiff in error urges that he has a right, as an individual tax-payer and citizen of the city of Alton, suing in his own behalf and in behalf of other citizens and tax-payers of the city,, to enjoin the use of its public commons by defendant in error. The rule is that the obstruction or misuse of streets or other like property held by the city for the use of the public which does not result in special injury to the individual cannot be complained' of by an individual. If special injury results to the individual he may enjoin such obstruction although the city has given its acquiescence thereto. (Oehler v. Levy,
The master in chancery reported as his conclusion of law that the franchise of defendant in error is valid. The chancellor, though he approved the master’s report and entered specific findings on other points of law, made no specific finding on this point. Nothing in this opinion is to be taken as sustaining the view of the master in that regard. Since plaintiff in error has no right to the writ of injunction in this case because of the position which he occupies, it does not become necessary to pass upon what right, if any, defendant in error has to the premises in question.
The decree of the circuit court will be affirmed.
Decree affirmed.