213 P. 36 | Cal. | 1923
Plaintiff in this action was on the twenty-sixth day of January, 1920, duly adjudged an incompetent *403 person and H. Parker Wood was appointed guardian of his estate. Thereafter on the twenty-fifth day of May, 1920, an action in claim and delivery was instituted by said guardian in behalf of said incompetent for the recovery from the possession of the defendant of a certain Buick automobile formerly owned by said incompetent. Plaintiff and defendant are respectively father and son.
The allegations of the complaint were the usual allegations in actions of claim and delivery. In addition thereto it was alleged "that while the said Samuel J. McNeese was the owner of said automobile as aforesaid and while he was in possession thereof and entitled to the possession thereof and while he was so as aforesaid incapable of taking care of himself and managing his property and incapable of consenting thereto the said defendant without right took said automobile from the possession of said Samuel J. McNeese." The defendant in his answer denied that plaintiff was the owner of, and entitled to the possession of, said automobile and alleged affirmatively that on the twenty-first day of October, 1919, he, the defendant, became the owner of the automobile and entitled to the possession thereof. At the trial a bill of sale from plaintiff to defendant was offered and received in evidence and defendant testified that said bill of sale had been given to him by his father. On behalf of the plaintiff evidence was introduced to show that said plaintiff had no recollection of having made the bill of sale. There was also the testimony of two doctors to the effect that the plaintiff at the time of the execution of the bill of sale was incompetent to transact business. This testimony was based upon a hypothetical question and was admitted out of order and without a foundation having been laid. But later in the trial of the case the plaintiff offered to prove as a foundation for said testimony all of the facts narrated therein. The court refused to hear evidence tending to establish the facts relied upon as a basis for the hypothetical question upon the ground that even though all of the facts therein narrated were shown to be true, nevertheless the necessary conclusion of the court would have to be that the contract was not void. This was so, the trial court stated, for the reason that such facts would not establish the fact that plaintiff was "entirely without understanding," and unless plaintiff *404
were entirely without understanding he would not come within the code provision which provides that contracts by such a person are invalid and utterly void. (Civ. Code, sec.
Judgment was made and entered in favor of the defendant and findings were made to the effect that a bill of sale was executed by plaintiff and delivered to defendant and that at the time of the conveyance of said automobile the plaintiff was not entirely without understanding. It was evidently the theory of the trial court that if the plaintiff was entirely without understanding no contract had come into existence, for the reason that plaintiff would have been incapable of making a contract, and an action for claim and delivery would lie; but, upon the other hand, if plaintiff were not "entirely without understanding," then his contract was merely voidable, and his remedy was not an action for claim and delivery, but rather for rescission of the contract.
From this judgment plaintiff appeals, basing his appeal primarily upon the contention that the contract had actually been rescinded by and for the plaintiff prior to the commencement of the action in claim and delivery. Section
[1] The interposition of a court of equity to set the contract aside was not necessary to rescission. A contract may be rescinded by the act of the party entitled and desiring to rescind. It is well recognized that sections
Under section
"1. He must rescind promptly, upon discovering the facts which entitle him to rescind, if he is free from duress, menace, undue influence, or disability and is aware of his right to rescind; and
"2. He must restore to the other party everything of value which he has received from him under the contract; or must offer to restore the same, upon condition that such party shall do likewise, unless the latter is unable or positively refuses to do so."
[2] It is conceded by defendant that where nothing is received to be restored, an offer to restore is impossible, and in the case at bar, the property having been transferred by gift, there can be no question that an offer to restore is not necessary. (McGue v. Rommell,
[4] But aside from the foregoing considerations we think the demand for the automobile made by the guardian of the plaintiff preliminary to the institution of this action was sufficient notice to defendant of plaintiff's desire and determination to rescind and adequately informed defendant that plaintiff did not intend to be longer bound by the transfer. *406
[5] The question of whether or not at the time of the alleged rescission he was entitled, because of incompetency, to rescind was embraced within the issues, and evidence upon that phase of the case was admissible. The trial court having erroneously refused the offer of plaintiff to prove all the facts set forth in the hypothetical question, which proof would have tended to sustain his contention that he was at the time of the execution of the bill of sale incompetent, the case must be sent back for a new trial.
Judgment reversed.
Kerrigan, J., Myers, J., Lawlor, J., Seawell, J., Wilbur, C. J., and Waste, J., concurred.