Mr. Justice Moore,
after making the foregoing statement, delivered the opinion of the court.
It is alleged in the complaint that Smith and Miller are related, but that the degree of consanguinity was unknown to the plaintiff; and this averment is not denied in their answers, it being generally understood that they are half-brothers. Testimony was introduced at the trial tending to show that on January 9, 1899, Mc-Manus and Smith owed Miller $50, which they paid him that day from the loan secured from Mary A. Murphy, and, having received that sum, it was all the money that he then possessed. If Miller loaned Smith any money, no part of it was used to pay the firm debts ; for, after executing the chattel mortgage, Smith immediately left Pendleton, and two days thereafter wrote Miller the following letter:
“Spokane, Wash., Feby. 23, ’99.
Dear Clarence:
I got here at five minutes past twelve Thursday night. I met with quite a loss with that money we got from you. I think I will come home Sunday or Monday. How is everything at Pendleton? There were snow and ice on the ground when I got here, and it began to snow yesterday about 5 P. M., and is still snowing hard at 11 o’clock to-day. I like Spokane very well, but I have little faith now in mining, although there is no doubt some are making good money of it.
Yours, truly,
D. G. Smith.
Write me, gen. delivery, Spokane, Wash.”
*226Charles A. Maskrey, plaintiff’s witness, testified, in-substance, that about two weeks prior to the trial, in the absence of'Miller, he had a conversation with Smith, who said that the proceedings adopted were not the result of his judgment, but they had been pursued on the advice of his attorneys to secure the money which he had paid.
The plaintiff and Mary A. Murphy having introduced their testimony and rested, Miller’s counsel moved the court for a decree of nonsuit, so far as his answer sought a foreclosure of the chattel mortgage ; neither Smith nor Miller having been called as witnesses, though present at the trial. It is contended by appellants’ counsel that, the complaint having been predicated upon the ground of fraud, the burden was upon the plaintiff to prove such averments ; but not having offered any testimony tending to show that the note and mortgage, copies of which were introduced in evidence, were executed without consideration, the defendants Smith and Miller were not required to introduce any testimony, the presumption that a promissory note was given for a sufficient consideration (Hill’s Ann. Laws, § 776, subd. 21) supplying the necessary proof. Plaintiff’s counsel insist, however, that the publication of a newspaper, the business in which the firm was engaged, being a nontrading partnership, neither partner had implied authority to execute in the name of the firm a promissory note or mortgage, and that, the defendant Miller having dealt with Smith in matters outside the scope of the usual partnership business, the burden was upon them, in order to render the firm liable, to show that Smith possessed special authority to execute in the name of the firm the note and mortgage in question, but not having done so, and a copy of the partnership agreement having been introduced in evidence, showing that neither partner, without *227the other’s consent, could mortgage his interest in the firm property, the said note and ‘mortgage should be canceled.
1. The general rule is that each partner has implied authority to bind all the partners by his contracts entered into in the firm name with third persons who have no knowledge of any limitation of his apparent power, when such agreements relate to the performance of the business in which the firm is engaged : 17 Am. & Eng. Enc. Law (1 ed.), 987. When, however, a third person enters into a contract with a partner in the firm name, relating to a subject-matter outside of and beyond the scope of the firm’s usuai business, before such party can charge the firm he must show that the partner who assumed to act for all the partners possessed special authority so to consummate the agreement relied upon: Parsons, Partn. (4 ed.) § 85. A partner in a firm conducting a general commercial business has implied authority to enter into any contract in the name of the firm that usually pertains to the transactions in which such firm is engaged, and as a result of this principle he may sell the partnership property, incur debts, borrow money and execute promis-, sory notes on account of the partnership. But a partner in a nontrading firm does not possess such general power, and has no authority, as a general rule, to contract debts or issue commercial paper ; and a third party who has entered-into such a contract, in order to hold the firm liable therefor, must affirmatively show that the partner who acts for the firm possessed the power which he assumed : 17 Am. & Eng. Enc. Law (1 ed.), 993. In Pooley v. Whitmore, 10 Heisk. 629 (27 Am. Rep. 733), it was held that a firm engaged in the publication of a newspaper at Memphis, Tennessee, was a nontrading partnership, and not liable to a bona fide holder, for value, and before maturity, of a promissory note made by one of the parties *228for Ms own benefit, who indorsed the firm name thereon for his accommodation. In Bays v. Conner, 105 Ind. 415 (5 N. E. 18), a promissory note haying been given by a partner in the name of the Central Printing Company, a firm of which he was a member, and it haying appeared that said company was in no sense a trading or commercial partnership, it was held that one partner cannot, in the absence of express authority, bind the firm or his copartner by a note executed by him in the firm name, in a transaction wholly outside the apparent and actual scope of the partnership business, although it may appear that the consideration for the note was applied to the payment of a firm debt. The publication of the Pendleton Republican did not make the firm engaged therein a trading or commercial partnership, and, this being so, before Miller could establish the liability of the Republican Company the burden was upon him to show that Smith possessed authority to execute the note given to him. He was present at the trial, and might have made this- proof if in his power, but he neglected the opportunity; and, haying done so, no error was committed in decreeing a cancellation of the note and mortgage, for if the note was executed without authority, and fails on that account^ the mortgage, which is but an incident of the note, must fail also.
2. The court, on March 13,1899, appointed Lot Livermorfe joint receiver, who took possession of the partnership property, collected from various sources the sum of $824.77, and paid out on account of expenses $821.52; and haying sold the newspaper, machinery, presses, type, etc., realizing therefrom the sum of $950, he reported that he had on hand for distribution the sum of $953.25, against which the following claims had been presented, to wit: Pendleton Republican, printing notice to creditors, $5.00 ; Ed. Switzler, rent, $100 ; H. N. Richmond Paper *229Co., $42.70; J. P. McManus, services as editor, $200; First National Bank, note and interest, $159.18 ; Charles A. Maskery, services, $88; California Ink Co., $17.15; Herald Engraving Co., $6.90, — and that he was entitled to the sum of $134, compensation as receiver. Objections having been made to various items in said report, the court disallowed the sum of $124.40 paid to McManus, included in the account of expenses, refused to allow any sum for publishing the notice to creditors, cut down Switzler’s bill for rent to $45, and McManus’ bill as editor to $152, and approved the report in all other respects, directing Livermore to pay the respective claimants the several sums so found to be due them. The court also having found that McManus on January 10, 1899, paid Mary A. Murphy the sum of $325, and that there was due on her note for $600 the sum of $280.80, directed the receiver to pay the same to her; thus leaving $201.92 in the hands of the receiver, who was ordered to pay the costs of the suit, exclusive of the compensation of the receivers, paying the remainder equally to the plaintiff, J. P. McManus, and to the defendant, H. G. Smith. It is contended that the court erred in the allowance of many of these claims. The California Ink Co. on December 2, 1898, wrote the following letter to the Republican Company :
“We inclose herewith statement of your account. As this account is some five months past due, we have to-day drawn on you at three days for the amount of the account, $17.15, and must ask you to honor the draft.”
This letter has indorsed thereon a statement that “the above claim is correct, and remains unpaid.
“ California Inic Co.,
“Per H. C. Angell.
“June 10, 1899.
“Subscribed and sworn to before me this 10th day of June, 1899. • Lot Livermore,
“Notary Public for Oregon.”
*230The partnership dissolved by the decree herein was not formed until January 9, 1899, and, McManus having agreed to pay all outstanding debts, it is evident that he, and not the firm, is chargeable with this item.
3. We have carefully examined all the other items to which objection was made, and find them correct, but the claim of Mary A. Murphy requires consideration. It will be remembered that she held McManus’ note for $600, payable in two years from January 9, 1899, upon which he paid the sum of $325, and that she also held, as collateral security therefor, Smith’s note given to McManus for $500, evidencing a part of the consideration of his purchase, which was payable on or before two years from that date. The testimony shows that, notwithstanding these notes were not due, it was mutually agreed by all the parties that Mary A. Murphy should be paid monthly the net proceeds derived from the publication of the Pendleton Republican. The sale of the newspaper defeats the performance of this .agreement, and, as the money on hand is sufficient to meet the payment of all claims against the firm and the partners thereof, no error was committed in directing the receiver to carry out the agreement of the parties. The amount so reported on hand will be increased by the sum allowed the California Ink Co., making the sum of $219.07 to be distributed in the manner specified in the decree ; but, before paying McManus the sum so due him, the receiver is directed to pay therefrom the sum of $17.15 to the California Ink Co. The decree will therefore be modified as herein indicated.
Modified.