35 Conn. App. 762 | Conn. App. Ct. | 1994
The petitioner appeals
The record sets forth the facts and procedural history of this case. The petitioner was arrested and charged with murder in violation of General Statutes § 53a-54a.
On May 31,1989, the petitioner, represented by new counsel, filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus. The petitioner claimed that his conviction was improper because (1) he was denied his constitutional right to the effective assistance of counsel at the probable cause hearing,
At the habeas hearing on July 19, 1993, the habeas court dismissed the petition, concluding that (1) the petitioner’s unconditional Alford plea served as a waiver of his antecedent claim of ineffective assistance of counsel at the probable cause hearing pursuant to State v. Niblack, 220 Conn. 270, 276-77, 596 A.2d 407 (1991),
I
The petitioner first claims that the habeas court improperly concluded that he had abandoned his claim that his guilty plea was not made voluntarily and intelligently. He contends that this claim was before the habeas court as “part of the claim that [the] petitioner had not received the effective assistance of counsel at the [probable cause hearing].” We disagree.
We first consider our scope of review. “In a habeas corpus appeal, this court may not disturb underlying historical facts found by the habeas court unless they are clearly erroneous. Veal v. Warden, 28 Conn. App. 425, 428, 611 A.2d 911, cert. denied, 224 Conn. 902, 615 A.2d 1046 (1992); Biggs v. Warden, 26 Conn. App. 52, 56, 597 A.2d 839, cert. denied, 221 Conn. 902, 600 A.2d 1029 (1991). [W]e are called upon to determine whether the facts set out in the memorandum of decision are supported by the evidence or whether, in light of the evidence and the pleadings in the whole record, those facts are clearly erroneous. . . . Our function is not to examine the record to see if the trier of fact could have reached a contrary conclusion.” (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Siano v. Warden, 31 Conn. App. 94, 95, 623 A.2d 1035, cert. denied, 226 Conn. 910, 628 A.2d 984 (1993).
A review of the record reveals that the habeas court’s finding that the petitioner’s habeas counsel expressly waived the claim that the petitioner’s guilty plea was not validly made is not clearly erroneous.
II
The petitioner next claims that the habeas court abused its discretion in refusing to permit his habeas counsel to reinstate the petitioner’s plea claim. We disagree.
Our Supreme Court has held that if the plaintiff withdraws a claim and the action is still pending, “the plaintiff may be permitted, despite the withdrawal, to reinstate his claim.” Lusas v. St. Patrick’s Roman Catholic Church Corp., 123 Conn. 166, 169, 193 A.2d 204 (1937); Boothe v. Armstrong, 80 Conn. 218, 225-26, 67 A. 484 (1907). The trial court may exercise its discretion, however, to deny the reinstatement of a claim that has been expressly withdrawn. Only where the trial court has abused that discretion will this court order a reversal.
“[Ejvery reasonable presumption in favor of the proper exercise of the trial court’s discretion will be made.” State v. Hamilton, 228 Conn. 234, 240, 636 A.2d 760 (1994). “Demonstrating that the trial court
The record reveals that the hearings were held with the understanding that the validity of the petitioner’s plea was not at issue. The petitioner’s habeas counsel did not request the court to reinstate this claim until the close of the final hearing, after all of the evidence had been presented and the witnesses excused. If the trial court had agreed to reinstate the claim, the petitioner’s trial counsel would have had to have been recalled and questioned by the state as to the validity
The judgment is affirmed.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
The petitioner appealed to the Appellate Court upon the habeas court’s granting of certification pursuant to General Statutes § 52-470 (b).
Under North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25, 91 S. Ct. 160, 27 L. Ed. 2d 162 (1970), a criminal defendant is not required to admit his guilt, but consents to being punished as if he is guilty to avoid the risk of proceeding to trial.
The petitioner was also charged with two counts of assault in the first degree in violation of General Statutes § 53a-59 to which he pleaded guilty under the Alford doctrine. These convictions are not at issue in the present appeal.
The petitioner’s claim of ineffective assistance of counsel was properly pursued on a petition for a writ of habeas corpus rather than on direct appeal. State v. Crenshaw, 210 Conn. 304, 315, 554 A.2d 1074 (1989); State v. Williamson, 206 Conn. 685, 707, 539 A.2d 561 (1988); State v. Mason, 186 Conn. 574, 578-79, 442 A.2d 1335 (1982).
In State v. Niblack, supra, 220 Conn. 270, the petitioner claimed that errors in the probable cause hearing invalidated his guilty plea entered pursuant to the Alford doctrine. Our Supreme Court held that the petitioner’s unconditional plea of guilty intelligently and voluntarily made, “ ‘operates as a waiver of all nonjurisdictional defects and bars the later assertion of constitutional challenges to pretrial proceedings.’ ” Id., 276.
Even if we were to agree with the petitioner that this claim was part of the ineffective assistance of counsel claim, we would still reach the same result. The habeas court gave a full hearing to the petitioner’s claim of ineffective assistance before concluding that he had waived that claim by pleading guilty under the Alford doctrine. See State v. Niblack, supra, 220 Conn. 270. By pleading guilty, the petitioner also waived any claim subsumed within the ineffective assistance claim.
The petitioner alleged the following: “2.g. Trial counsel’s representation further prejudiced the petitioner because on March 3, 1988, the petitioner pleaded guilty under the Alford doctrine to murder in the first degree [sic], [General Statutes] § 53a-54c [sic], and two counts of assault in the first degree, [General Statutes] § 53a-59. Petitioner pleaded guilty because he was advised by counsel that because he was charged with murder, he risked the imposition of one hundred years incarceration and the possibility of the death penalty if he persisted in his plea of not guilty.
“2.h. Petitioner’s trial counsel’s failure and omissions outlined above undermined the adequacy of counsel’s advice to the petitioner to plea bargain, because the advice was the result of counsel’s ineffective assistance at the petitioner’s probable cause hearing.
“2.i. Accordingly, petitioner’s guilty plea was not knowing, intelligent or voluntary.”
The colloquy between counsel and the court was as follows:
“[The State]: Your Honor, I think before I go any further, is counsel withdrawing her claims under Paragraph 2.g, h, i . . . ?
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“[The Court]: I think the respondent’s counsel is addressing the statements that you made in your opening statement that you weren’t attacking the guilty plea ... is that correct, as I understand?
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“[The Court]: Well, he wants to know whether or not you’re arguing it. He doesn’t want the witness to be gone and then find out he had other questions to ask.
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“[Special Public Defender]: No, Your Honor, we [are] [restricting it to the representation at the probable cause hearing.
“[The Court]: Okay.
“[The State]: So those other sections are withdrawn?
“[The Court]: Except to the extent there are implications of his activity at the probable cause hearing. In other words, if the probable cause hearing would have gone in the defendant’s favor, there wouldn’t have been anything charged to him to plead to.
“[Special Public Defender]: Right.
“[The Court]: But as far as his advice that was given, or the propriety of the likely sentence and the outcome, that aspect is not being pursued?
“[Special Public Defender]: No absolutely.”
The colloquy between the petitioner’s habeas counsel and the court was as follows:
“[Special Public Defender]: . . . [T]his strikes me as semantics, whatever, or an error in this way, and at this point, to me it sounds like it’s the same thing. That a pre-plea occurrence, probable cause ineffectiveness, affected the outcome, the outcome being the guilty plea. ... I would ask if it would be possible to reinstate that allegation because it’s just a semantical — it’s not a difference with any distinction, and then if it was my understanding, then it puts this petitioner in the position of doing an ineffective assistance of counsel habeas against me for that point where— you know my reading of the case law did not come up with this. So I guess I’m asking you . . . that I be allowed to reinstate that and do whatever it is to do that, that we’re challenging the guilty plea.
“[The Court]: . . . I’m not going to allow you to reinstate a claim that you specifically withdrew and we had the whole trial based on the fact of believing that that claim was withdrawn.”