147 N.W. 808 | N.D. | 1914
This is an appeal from an order sustaining a demurrer to a complaint in which the owners of a tract of land within the limits of the city of Mandan, North Dakota, seek to restrain the collection of a special assessment or sewer tax sought to be levied under chapter 62 of the Laws of 1905.
The first ground urged in favor of the complaint and against the demurrer is that the complaint shows upon its face that the property of the plaintiffs is not included within the sewer district as created by the council. The complaint shovra that the plaintiffs’ property is situated in or comprises that portion of Helmsworth & McLean’s Addition which lies south of the Northern Pacific railway track. It appears that north of the Northern Pacific railway track is an addition known as Heart View Addition to Mandan, another known as Mandan Proper, another known as First Northern Pacific Addition to Mandan, another which is known as Mead’s Addition, and also a part of the addition which is known as Helmsworth & McLean’s Addition. The
The ordinance under which the sewer improvement district was created described the district as follows: “All lots and parts of lots, all blocks and parts of blocks, and all other parcels of land within the city of Mandan, Morton county, North Dakota, as the same is now platted and recorded in the office of the register of deeds in and for said Morton county, ivliich lies north of the right of way of tfye Northern Pacific Pailway Company, including Mandan Proper, First Northern Pacific Addition to Mandan, Heart View Addition to Mandan, that portion of Mead’s Addition to Mandan lying north of said right of way, and all of Helmsworth & McLean’s addition to Mandan, and all of said right ■of way belonging to the Northern Pacific Hailway Company.”
It is urged by counsel for plaintiffs that the land of plaintiffs cannot possibly be embraced within the land described in the ordinance, because a smaller cannot include a greater, and the 'only construction can be that only that part of Mandan which lies north of the track should be comprehended. We cannot, however, so limit the use of the word “include,” or ignore what to us is the plain intention of the ordinance. If the word “including” limits the ordinance so that only that part which is north of the track is embraced, how can “all of said right of way
The next point of appellants is, we believe, well taken, and in itself would justify an overruling of the demurrer and a reversal of the judgment. It is based upon the allegation “that such special assessment commission, in attempting to determine the actual benefits to accrue to the lots and parcels of land in said pretended assessment district by the construction of said sewer, acted arbitrarily and unlawfully and by an indexible rule, and totally failed and neglected to exercise any discretion; that it did not determine said benefits, if any there w*ere, at the time nor in the manner prescribed by law, but, first determining arbitrarily how much the cost of said server and of said trunk line should be borne by each of the lots in said district, and having so determined the amount to assess against each lot and parcel of land, determined that each lot or parcel of land in said district was benefited 50 per cent more than the proportion of cost so assessed; and this, though many of the lots and parcels of land in said sewer district were not benefited at all by said sewer, and some were benefited more than others, and some were so situated that said sewer could not serve them.” We deem this allegation sufficient to entitle the plaintiffs to a hearing upon the points therein involved, the action having been brought within the period of six months prescribed by § 2790, Rev. Codes 1905.
No matter what may have been the rule prior to the passage of' chapter 62 of the Laws of 1905, there can be no doubt that the legislature in that act put itself clearly on record as requiring all assessments to be made on the basis of benefits, and of benefits alone. It was specific in the matter, so that there could be- no evasion and no dispute.
We believe that the plan charged in the complaint to have been pursued in the case at bar is an arbitrary plan, which is absolutely unwarranted by § 2801, Rev. Codes 1905, and which is universally condemned by the authorities where the statutes require the assessments to be levied on the basis of benefits. See State ex rel. Cunningham v. District Ct. 29 Minn. 62, 11 N. W. 133; Loewenbach v. Milwaukee, 139 Wis. 49, 119 N. W. 888; State ex rel. Shannon v. District Judges, 51 Minn. 539, 53 N. W. 800; Robertson Lumber Co. v. Grand Forks, post, 556, 147 N. W. 249.
Nor do we believe that the complaint lacks in equity because it fails to allege that this specific objection was raised before the commissioners or before the council. It is not an objection which involves an error in judgment, but one which is directed to the method by which the assessment was levied. It does not raise the objection that a mistake was made as to the real amount the property was benefited, or that there was a mistake in the computation of the asssessment, but it raises the point that the commission had no jurisdiction whatever to levy the assessment because it had failed to comply with tbe terms of the statute upon which its jurisdiction was based. Such being the case, it was not necessary that the point should have been raised prior to the proceedings in equity. Robertson Lumber Co. v. Grand Forks, supra; State ex rel. Cunningham v. District Ct. 29 Minn. 62, 11 N. W. 133; Watkins v. Zwietusch, 47 Wis. 515, 3 N. W. 35; Johnson v. Milwaukee, 40 Wis. 315; Watkins v. Milwaukee, 52 Wis. 98, 8 N. W. 823; Whittaker v. Deadwood, 23 S. D. 538, 139 Am. St. Rep. 1076, 122 N. W. 590, 592; Spence v. Milwaukee, 132 Wis. 669, 113 N. W. 38.
the section just now under criticism. See Malin v. Lamoure, ante, 140, 50 L.R.A.(N.S.) 997, 145 N. W. 582, 587; Cooley, Const. Lim. 7th ed. 246.
The point is also made that the call for bids did not require the rate of interest to be given, or require the bids to be on a cash basis. Sec. 2780, Rev. Codes 1905, requires that the advertisements for bids “shall call for bids therefor upon a basis for cash payment for said work.” This section was amended by chapter 46 of the Laws of 1907, and as amended ran, “shall specify the work to be done according to the plans and specifications therefor upoxx a basis of cash payment for said work,
It is clear to us that bids upon a basis of cash payment are required and provided for, even though payment by warrants is contemplated. It is also clear to us that the word “may” in the clause, “may also require the bidders to state the rate of interest,” means “must,” where the payment is intended to be in warrants, but of course means “may” and is permissive in the sense that the statement of the rate of interest would only be necessary when the payment by warrants was contemplated. The reason for the provision could nowhere be better illustrated than in the case which is before us. The warrants run for twenty years and at 7 per cent. The original contract price was $46,-000. It would have been better for the municipality to have accepted a bid for $50,000, provided that the warrants had run at 6 per cent, and for a still larger sum if the warrants had run at a lower rate of interest. A deduction of only one per cent in the interest would have made a difference of $4,400. It can easily be seen that there was a reason for the legislative requirement that the rate of interest required should be given in the bids, and it is clear that competition in the matter of interest is just as essential as competition in the contract price. .
Statutory requirements of the nature of those before us must be at least reasonably complied with, and the demurrer therefore should have been overruled. Robertson Lumber Co. v. Grand Forks, post, 556, 147 N. W. 249; Whittaker v. Deadwood, 23 S. D. 538, 139 Am. St. Rep. 1076, 122 N. W. 590, 592. We do not say, however, that an assessment is absolutely and necessarily invalidated by an omission in the advertisement to call for bids on a cash basis, and an omission to require a statement of the rate of interest. It may or may not be. We, for instance, believe that if the proposals for bids are in fact on a cash basis, and the rate of interest is in fact given, the error may be cured
The judgment of the District Court is reversed, and the cause is remanded for further proceedings according to law.