McKee v. West, 141 Ala. 531

141 Ala. 531 | Ala. | 1904

DOWDELL, J.

The bill in this case is filed by a creditor and seeks to have a certain deed executed by the debtor, and a certain mortgage executed by the grantees of the debtor, set aside as fraudulent. The bill charges that Mrs. M. J. Williams, being at the time indebted to the complainant, made a voluntary conveyance of the lands described, to her two daughters, Mrs. Mattie Langford and Emma Williams, the consideration of love and affection being expressed on its face, and that said grantees then conveyed said lands by mortgage to the respondent McKee. Actual fraud is not charged on McKee, nor is it pretended that he had knowledge when he took his mortgage, of any indebtedness existing from Mrs. M. J. Williams to the complainant, when she executed the deed of gift to her daughters.

The respondent by special pleas set up the defense of boncu fide purchaser for value without notice of complainant’s equity. The cause was submitted upon the sufficiency of the pleas, and a decree Avas rendered holding the pleas insufficient, and from this decree the present appeal is prosecuted.

The setting down of the pleas for hearing upon their sufficiency Avas an admission of the facts averred in them. — Ency. Pl. & Pr., vol. 16, p. 620. The averments of facts necessary to be stated in setting up the defense of a bona fide purchaser, were sufficiently pleaded within the rule heretofore laid down by this court in the following named cases: Wood v. Holley Mfg. Co., 100 Ala. 350; Gresham v. Ware, 79 Ala. 192; May v. Wilkerson, 76 Ala. 543; Hooper v. Strahan, 71 Ala. 75; Craft v. Russell, 67 Ala. 9.

The theory of the complainant is, and upon this theory his contention is based, that the deed from Mrs. Williams to her two daughters being a voluntary conveyance, was per se fraudulent and void as to existing creditors, and that a subsequent conveyance by them to one Avith notice of the fraudulent character of the first conveyance, Avould likewise be void as to such creditor, and subject to be set aside at his instance on a bill by him in equity for that purpose. And it is further contended that the voluntary conveyance expressing on its face only a good consideration, that is, of love and eifection, puts the subsequent purchaser on notice of its fraudulent character. The question presented by this latter contention is the determining one in the case. The plea' setting np the defense of bona fide purchaser, admits a knowledge of the contents of the deed from Mrs. Williams to her tAvo daughters, and that the consideration therein expressed is for love and affection, but the plea denies any notice of the existence of complainant’s debt, or notice of any fact calculated to put the respondent upon enquiry.

It lias been held and so decided by some courts, that a purchaser from a fraudulent grantee, occupied no higher or better position than the fraudulent grantee, where such conveyance was assailed by a creditor. The question was considered in Thames v. Rembert’s Admr., 63 Ala. 561, where cases are cited holding such doctrine, but this court has declined to follow that rule, and is now thoroughly committed to the more equitable and reasonable doctrine of. affording protection to a bona fide purchaser for value without notice of the fraud, from a fraudulent grantee. In Bump on Fraudulent Conveyances, (2d ed.) p. 482, the principle is thus stated: “Whenever the act done, takes effect as to some purpose-?, and is void as to persons who have an interest in impeaching it, the act is not a nullity, in. a legal sense, is not utterly void, but merely voidable. The transfer, however, is good between the parties. As against the debtor it is effectual, and the fraudulent grantee has a title and a right to alienate. The only 'infirmity in his title is its liability to be impeached by creditors. As to all. others is perfect, and when it has passed into the hands of an innocent holder, even this infirmity is cured, and the title becomes secure and indefeasible,” citing in the foot note the decisions of many courts, and among them this court.

It is not to be questioned, that a voluntary conveyance, that is, one founded upon the consideration of love and affection, is valid between the parties. When the grantor, at the time of its execution is indebted, the law stamps such conveyance per se fraudulent as against his existing creditors, and subject to be set aside when assailed by them. It is not the voluntary nature of the conveyance alone which renders it in law fraudulent, but that fact, when accompanied with the additional fact of indebtedness on the part of the grantor at the time of its execution. Where no actual fraud exists with reference to future or subsequent creditors in the execution of the conveyance-, and no existing or present indebtedness on the part of the grantor, no one would for a moment question the validity of a conveyance having and expressing on its face the consideration of love and affection. Tlie law sanctions such a conveyance, and there is no room for any presumption of fraud solely from the fact that a good, as contradistinguished from a valuable, consideration is expressed in the deed. In a deed from ,a parent to a child, the fact that the consideration of love and affection is expressed, is not enough in and of itself alone', and in the absence of knowledge of any other fact or circumstance calculated to excite enquiry, to put the purchaser upon notice that the deed is fraudulent. The doctrine is stated as follows in Bump on Fraud. Con. (2d ed.) p. 185: “The law sanctions a conveyance founded upon the consideration of blood or of marriage merely. The legal presumption, therefore, is that such a conveyance is valid and not a fraud upon the rights of any one. The mere fact that a purchaser from the holder of such a title has notice that it was not founded upon a pecuniary consideration is not sufficient to make it his duty at his peril to enquire whether the title of his grantor was not fraudulent. On the contrary, he has a right to act upon the legal presumption that such a deed of gift or voluntary settlement was honestly made until some other fact is brought to his knowledge to raise a suspicion in his mind that the conveyance is fraudulent.” Citing Frazer v. Western, 1 Barb. Ch. 220; Sparrow v. Chesley, 19 Me. 79; Gobber v. Boyd, 22 Pitts. L. J. 89.

Admitting the facts to be true as stated in the special pleas, the respondent McKee, is in equity entitled to pro-, tection as a bona fide purchaser without notice. It follows, therefore, that the decree holding the pleas insufficient must be reversed, and one will be here rendered holding the pleas sufficient.

Reversed and rendered.

McClellan, C. J., Haralson and Denson, JJ., concurring.