117 Mo. App. 477 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1906
Action to- recover damages from a common carrier on account of negligent delay in the transportation of live stock to market. Plaintiff recovered judgment and defendant appealed.
Prom the evidence introduced by plaintiff, it appears that defendant, as a common carrier for hire, received from plaintiff at Pattonsburg, Missouri, ninety-two head of fat hogs, which it undertook to deliver at the stock yards in Kansas City, Kansas. The shipment left Pattonsburg at about eight o’clock one Sunday evening and, if carried with ordinary dispatch, should have been delivered in about twelve hours, in time for the early market the next morning. It was not delivered until about five o’clock Monday afternoon, too late for that day’s market. When delivered, four of the hogs were dead, two missing, and the others reduced in weight on account of being so long in transit without food or water. The live hogs were sold the following day, but, because of a decline in the market, brought less than would have been realized, from them had they been delivered in a reasonable time.
Defendant attempted to free itself from the charge of failing to exercise that degree of care required by law of a common carrier in the transportation of live stock, by showing that the delay was caused by the line being blocked from the derailment of another of its trains than that carrying plaintiff’s property and that this unexpected happening occurred after the transportation began.
Defendant, in its answer, pleaded exemption from common law liability under the provisions of the contract of affreightment, under which the hogs were shipped, which for the expressed consideration of a reduced rate
The duty of a common carrier is first to place itself in condition to handle with reasonable expedition the business that it has reason to expect will come to it and then to so maintain and operate its line and equipment as to enable it to properly care for its ordinary business. The failure to do either of these things is negligence, for it is a breach of duty, and negligence and breach of duty are but interchangeable terms. The only causes that will excuse the unusual delay of the carrier in forwarding a shipment are those that cannot reasonably be anticipated, controlled or avoided by the reasonable exercise of care, such as the Act of God, that of the public enemy; unavoidable accident; a sudden and extraordi-nary influx of business overtaxing facilities: provided for normal conditions; a general strike that paralyzes the operation of the road; the negligence of the shipper himself. All these are things that human foresight and prudence cannot be expected to obviate and therefore the carrier is excused if prevented from performing its duty by any of them.
Aside from obstacles presented by causes such as these, the carrier is liable in all cases for damages resulting from unusual delay. Avoidable accidents resultj ing from a defective roadway or from insufficient or defective equipment are included within the field of cul
It is pot shown that the derailment of the train, that produced the blockade, was an accident that could not have been avoided by the exercise of reasonable care. The occurrence of a wreck is prima, facie the result of the carrier’s negligence. This presumption may be overcome by proof that its cause was unavoidable by the exercise of reasonable care, but the burden of proof is shifted to the carrier when the fact is made to appear that the wreck was the producing cause of the delay.
The case, therefore, is in this posture. In admitting that an unusual delay occurred in the transportation, , caused by a wreck of one of its train upon its line, with.out showing that the casualty was unavoidable, as we have defined the term, defendant has admitted the fact of its negligence and no contract it could make would serve to relieve it from liability for the damage resulting therefrom to the shipper’s property.
Plaintiff, under the instructions given, was permitted. to recover damages for the four dead hogs, the two lost, and for the injury by loss of weight and depreciation in market value to those remaining. It is contended that the contract expressly releases defendant from liability for damages resulting, either from the suffocation of animals in transit or from their escape through the openings of the car. It is shown that the car was not overcrowded; that the animals were in good,condition when they left Pattonsburg; and that the openings of the car Avere securely closed. With respect to the four dead, it is charged in .the petition that by reason of the unusual delay they “were overcome with exhaustion and
As to the two missing. Defendant receipted for ninety-two head and delivered ninety. Several witnesses introduced by plaintiff testify that ninety-two were shipped. It does not appear how the two were lost. Under the common law, the carrier’s obligation is that of an insurer and all that is required of the shipper to malee out his prima facie case is to show delivery to the carrier and its failure to deliver at the destination. This rule in its application to the carriage of live stock has one exception. The carrier is not responsible for loss or injury caused by the natural vice or propensities of the animals. [Hance v. Express Co., 48 Mo. App. 179; Cash v. Railroad, 81 Mo. App. 109.] Where, however, .the cause of loss is unconnected with such characteristic, the ordinary rela
Further, it is contended that plaintiff cannot recover because he failed to give defendant Avritten notice of the damage claimed in the time and manner required by the contract, which provides for the giving of such notice Avithin ten days from the date of delivery by the carrier. Plaintiff attempted to prove the giving of the notice, but because of defects in his preliminary proof the evidence was excluded. He then introduced some correspondence exchanged between one of his laAvyers and defendant some two months after the delivery of the hogs. One of the letters written by defendant is as follows:
“In replying to yours next attached will say all papers in this claim are at present with our legal department asking for a ruling as to settlement of this case, and as soon as returned will promptly advise Crider
And later, defendant wrote this letter:
“Yours of January 17th relative to claim of Messrs. Crider Bros. Commission Co., Kansas City, for alleged damage to hogs shipped from Pattonsburg to Kansas City, Missouri, I would state that our investigation of this matter was completed some time since on January 16th, and Crider Bros, were advised through our general live stock agent that we could not make settlement of this claim, and they were asked to so advise Mr. McFall, the shipper. Investigation shows that there was no avoidable delay, and further that the stock brought more on the market than the valuation as specified in the contract. I presume that Crider Bros, informed the shipper as requested and that therefore this matter is satisfactorily disposed of.”
It clearly appears from these letters that a claim was presented, that it received consideration upon the merits, and that no point had been or was being made as to the sufficiency of the notice. It is not required of us to consider questions of waiver by estoppel or intention, as the letters manifestly contain an admission of the fact that due notice had been given within the time required.
We have carefully noted the other points made. Some of them are covered in the cases of Ficklin v. Bail-road and, for that reason, require no further discussion here. The others appear to be without merit; The judgment is affirmed.