42 F. 579 | U.S. Circuit Court for the District of Colorado | 1890
(charging jwry.') The foundation of the plaintiff’s action is the charge of negligence against the defendant. Negligence is the omission to do something which the law enjoins, or which a reasonably prudent man would do under like circumstances, or the doing of something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do under the
It is not claimed the plaintiff had any notice or knowledge of the fact that there was any fire in the place where he received his injury, or that by the exercise of reasonable care and diligence he could have seen or discovered the fire. The law made it the duty of the defendant to fence its slack-pile, and, if it did not do so, and as a result of its negligence in failing to comply with its legal duty in this regard the plaintiff received the injuries complained of, the defendant is liable. Persons are entitled to the protection which would accrue from a compliance with the statute, and the plaintiff had a right to presume the space between the railroad tracks was not a burning slack-pile, because it was not fenced. It was the legal duty of the defendant to fence the burning slack, and its omission to do so was negligence.
The defendant being guilty of negligence, your next inquiry will be whether the plaintiff was guilty of any such negligence as will prevent him from recovering; for it is a principle of law that one injured by the negligence of another cannot recover damages for such injury if by his own negligence he contributed to the injury. Upon the undisputed facts of the case, it was not an act of negligence for the plaintiff to visit the defendant’s coal mine as he did, and he was not a trespasser there in a sense that would excuse the defendant for the acts of negligence by which he was injured, and which I have heretofore adverted to. Nor was it an act of negligence for the plaintiff, under the circumstances, to run away from the miners. A boy may lawfully run to avoid injury, or when frightened or in play, and the fact that the plaintiff was running on the occasion of his injury does not constitute negligence on his part. ITe undoubtedly had a right to run towards the hotel where his mother ■was stopping. Nor was it negligence in him when he did run not to follow exactly a rough, irregular, and narrow path leading from one railroad track to the other. There was nothing in the surroundings to iniorm him, or any other person having no previous knowledge of the facts, that he would incur any risk or danger in not keeping in, the path in crossing the space between the railroad tracks. And if you find he did not see the lire, and could not, with the exercise of reasonable diligence, discover it, and did not know it was there, and that the surface of the slack-pile apparently presented a safe footing and passage, then lie was not guilty of auy negligence in attempting to run across it.
The disputed issue in the case is the question of damages, — what damages you shall award. And first, gentlemen, you will compensate the plaintiff for the pain and suffering he endured by reason of the injuries he received on this occasion. If a man takes from you your horse, there is a measure for your damages in that case, because, you can call witnesses who have some knowledge of horses and their value, and prove the value of your horse. If a man takes from you a hundred bushels of wheat, there is á measure of computing the damages. In that case you do not even have to call witnesses to do it. Yon may, take into court the price-list or price-current, as it is called, and show
And that is one item of the plaintiff’s damages. He is entitled to compensation for the pain and suffering he endured immediately after the injury, at the time of the injury, and afterwards, down to the present time, and any pain, or suffering that you find from a preponderance of the evidence that he may^have to endure in the future. He is entitled, as another item, to compensation for any expenses that he may have been put to on account of this injury, and which have been proven to you by the evidence. He is entitled to compensation for the loss of time, and the value of that time, whatever the evidence shows, if anything, resulting from this injury ; not- only the loss of time from the time he received the injury down to the present time, but his loss of capacity, if any, to earn, by the ordinary pursuits of life open to a young man of his knowledge and .condition in life, a living in the future, if these injuries are permanent. If you find, by a preponderance of evidence, that thej1- have resulted in the infliction of permanent injuries, which impair his capacity or ability to work or earn wages in the future, you will take that into account.'
These are the items of damages you take into consideration. You take all the circumstances, all the facts proven; his age; the character of the injuries with reference to their being permanent or not; and, if permanent, what is the degree of disability imposed by them; and all like considerations you will take into the account when you come to determine the .compensation that you will award to the plaintiff for these injuries. The plaintiff’s attorney has said to you, gentlemen, that he claimed and that you ought to award more than á compensation. He is not content with compensatory damages; that is, the damages you shall find and award to him for his pain and his suffering, for his expenses, for his loss of time, for the disability that he sustained, if any. He says those are not elements enough, but that in addition you should awai’d him damages as a punishment to this defendant for not having complied with the statute.. That you cannot do, gentlemen. That claim is not supported by the law. It is, moreover, in the very teeth of the statute of the state under which it is claimed ; for that statute in terms says that the persons or the corporations neglecting to fence these slack-pits shall be liable to any party injured thereby “in the amount of the actual injury sustained,” — thus in terms cutting off exemplary damages.
Mr. Teller. I suggest the question to which 1 called your honor’s attention as to what, at least, the character of the evidence would show " about the impairment of Ms powers. I think they ought to be instructed somewhat on that.
The Court. I think not. I think the general instruction covers the ground. I say to you again, gentlemen, you are the judges of facts. You give such weight to the testimony of each witness as you think it entitled to. It is from that evidence you must determine for yourselves the character of these injuries, and the amount plaintiff is entitled to recover.
ON MOTION FOR NEW TRIAL.
This case has been submitted on a motion for a new trial. The grounds assigned for the motion are misdirection of the jury as to the law, and excessive damages. The facts in this case which determine the legal liability of the defendant were not controverted at the trial, and are not controverted now. There is no ambiguity or conflict in the evidence relating to the question of the defendant’s negligence. The controversy turns on the rules of law applicable to the uncontra-dicted facts, and as to whether the jury were warranted by the evidence in assessing the plaintiff’s damages at the sum of $7,500. The law applicable to the facts of the case was correctly expressed in the charge to the iury. Bennett v. Railroad Co., 102 U. S. 577; Railroad Co. v. Stout, 17 Wall. 657, 2 Dill. 294.
As to the damages, it was quite clear to my mind upon the evidence, and from an inspection of the plaintiff’s head, hands, and arms on the witness stand at the trial, that the injuries he received were not slight or superficial, but that they were serious, and had resulted in permanent impairment of his sight, permanent injury to his urinary organs, and permanent loss of strength in his hands and arms, and, probably, a permanent affection of his whole nervous system. The court was asked to instruct the jury that there was not sufficient evidence to warrant them in finding plaintiff’s injuries were permanent. That instruction was re
What damages shall be awarded a plaintiff entitled to recover in this class of actions is a question of fact for the jury. As to some of the items of damages in such cases, much is necessarily left to the knowledge, judgment, and experience of the jury, and their sense of justice and right. There is no fixed measure of damages for some of the items which are to be taken into the account in such cases; and men of equal intelligence and fairness often vary widely in opinion as to what would be a just compensation in a given case. The assessment of the damages is one of the functions of the jury which the court has no right to invade or interfere with, except where the court has reason to believe that the verdict is the result of passion or prejudice, or of a misunderstanding of the instructions, or a disregard of them. It is not contended that any of these things can be justly charged upon the jury that tried this case. The most that is claimed is that they erred in judgment, and the court is asked, in effect, to convert itself into a jury, and ascertain the damages it thinks ought to be assessed in the case, and reduce the verdict of the jury to that amount, or grant a new trial.
It is my observation and experience that a jury of intelligent, fair-minded men, familiar with the practical affairs of life, — and the panel that tried this case, I think, may fairly be said to coiné up to this standard, — are better judges of such a question of fact than the judge on the bench. But, whether better judges or no.t, it is their exclusive province to determine the'question; and for a judge to substitute the damages he would assess, acting himself as a jury, in the place of the damages the jury have assessed, for no other reason than that he thinks he is a better judge of the fact than the jury, is an invasion of the province of the jury, and a violation of the constitutional right of a suitor to have his cause tried by a jury, and the questions of fact in it determined by their verdict. In this case the damages are not in my judgment excessive, in the sense that the jury could not -upon the evidence fairly find that sum. It boots nothing that, if the cause had been tried before me, I would have found a somewhat less sum.
It is said that the former verdict in this case for $2,500 — a much less sum than the present verdict — was set aside by Judge Hallett, because he considered it excessive. This argument suggests these observations: First. It is conceded' that on the former trial the statute requiring the defendant to fence its slack-pile was not brought to the attention of the court, and hence it was a doubtful question whether the defendant had ■been guilty of any negligence, and this doubtless influenced the jury in making up their verdict, and the court in setting it aside. Second. There, is nothing to show that the evidence was the same on both trials. From the fact that the court set aside the first verdict on the ground that' the damages were excessive, it is fair to presume that the plaintiff strengthened his case on this head at the second trial by additional proof