61 Mo. App. 291 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1895
—This action is trover for the conversion of certain staves. ■ The trial before a jury resulted in a verdict for the plaintiff. Judgment being entered accordingly, the defendant appeals and assigns for error that the petition states no cause of action, and the proof substantiates none, and that the court erred in its rulings in receiving and excluding evidence and in giving and receiving instructions.
The petition states that the plaintiff, on a day named, was the owner and in possession of the staves in controversy, and that the defendant on said day took and carried them away and converted them to his own use, etc. No objection was interposed to the petition, otherwise than by objecting to testimony offered in its support. The only apparent objection to the petition is that it fails to state that the conversion was wrongful. Approved forms of pleading in trover recite either that the property was wrongfully converted, or that the plaintiff was wrongfully deprived of its possession, and such is the form of declaration given by Chitty. 2 Chitty’s Pleading, 621. In Meixel v. Carr, 25 Md. 46, a declaration was upheld on motion in arrest, which stated that the defendants converted to their own use, or wrongfully deprived the plaintiff. As a .conversion by necessary intendment seems to imply a wrongful act, we would not be justified in disturbing the verdict on the sole ground, that the petition in this case was entirely deficient because it omitted an essential averment. It is needless to decide whether a demurrer would lie to this petition, as the plaintiff will probably amend it before a retrial of the action by the insertion, of the word wrongfully.
The plaintiff tried to show title to the staves by showing title to the land on which they were cut. For that purpose, he offered in evidence a certificate of pur
. The court, at the request of the plaintiff, instructed the jury as follows:
“The court instructs the jury that the effect of the certificate of sale to the plaintiff by Henry Turner, sheriff, is to convey to the plaintiff the title of said lands; and, if the jury should believe from the evidence in the cause that the plaintiff went into possession of the land under the certificate of purchase, and that, during the time he remained in such possession, the timber of which the staves were made was cut off said land and removed to Neeleyville by one Prank Rodgers and sold to the defendant, and that defendant knew, or had cause to know, that said staves were made from such timber and that they were the property of the plaintiff, you should find the issues in favor of the plaintiff and assess his damages at such sum as you believe the testimony has established them to be worth, not exceeding the sum of $850.
It is evident that this instruction, under the view of the law above stated, was erroneous. The defendant gave evidence tending to show that he bought the staves in good faith from one Rodgers. The fact, which is relied on by the plaintiff, that Rodgers cut the staves on the land above mentioned, and cut them for the plaintiff could be material only if plaintiff himself had shown some lawful possession of the land either by himself or his tenants. The possession sufficient to maintain an action of trover in this class of' cases must be a lawful possession. One trespasser or wrongdoer can not maintain trover against another. Turley v. Tucker, 6 Mo. 583. It results that the judgment must be reversed and the cause remanded. So ordered.