38 Pa. Commw. 29 | Pa. Commw. Ct. | 1978
Opinion by
Harold D. McCoy (appellant) appeals here from an order of the Acting Secretary of Education (Secretary) which dismissed his appeal from his demotion by the Board of Directors (Board) of the Lincoln Intermediate Unit No. 12 (L.I.U.).
The appellant was employed by the L.I.U. as Director of Special Education. In February of 1975, a then newly appointed Executive Director, Dr. Irvin A. Karam, held a meeting with the appellant to discuss his alleged deficiencies and “lack of accountability,” and his resignation was then requested, with Dr. Karam assuring him of reassignment as a School Psychologist with no reduction in pay. Several days later the appellant wrote to Dr. Karam that he would resign only if the Board could legally demonstrate sufficient cause for his removing himself as Director of Special Education. On March 25,1975, Dr. Karam submitted a Statement of Charges to the Board recommending the appellant’s demotion to the position of School Psychologist, accusing him of (1) disloyalty to the Administration, (2) insubordination, (3) disruption of staff and personnel, and (4) incompetence as an administrator. On April 1, 1975, the Board adopted a resolution demoting the appellant from Director of Special Education to School Psychologist effective May 7, 1975. The appellant was notified by a letter dated April 3, 1975, of the action taken and of his right to a hearing under the Public School Code of 1949.
This Court’s scope of review in appeals from the Secretary of Education is to determine whether or not an error of law was committed, constitutional rights were violated, or necessary findings of fact are unsupported by substantial evidence. Steffen v. Board of Directors, 32 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 187, 377 A.2d 1381 (1977); Bovino v. Board of School Directors, 32 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 105, 377 A.2d 1284 (1977).
The appellant maintains here that he was not demoted on any valid basis but simply because his supervisor did not like him. He argues that his demotion should be set aside because he was denied substantive due process under the Public School Code of 1949 (Code), and under 'the fourteenth amendment of the United States Constitution.
The Board argues initially that the appellant had no property interest in his position nor any right to a hearing or to any of the other established procedures for effecting demotions under the Code because he had no written contract of employment. It cites two cases in which we have held that public school teachers ’ contracts must be in writing to be valid and enforceable. Department of Education v. Jersey Shore Area School District, 23 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 624, 353 A.2d 91 (1976) and Gordon v. Board of Directors, 21 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 616, 347 A.2d 347 (1975). We do not believe, however, that these cases are determinative of
We note, however, that Section 913A of the Code, 24 P.S. §9-963 (e), provides that all professional employees of an intermediate unit shall have the same rights of tenure as similar employees of a school district. There is no definition of “professional employee” in this Section concerning intermediate unit employees, but there is a definition provided in Section 1101 of the Code, which sets forth the procedures for demotion of professional employees, and we believe that this definition in Section 1101 would apply here. It provides that a “professional employee”, shall refer to those employees who are certified as, among others, “supervisors” and “school counselors.” 24 P.S. §11-1101(1). The regulations of the State Board of Education, of course, provide that the Department of Education has the responsibility for “designation of professional titles for personnel,” 22 Pa. Code §49.13(b) (2),
The appellant, relying on his rights' as a professional employee, points to Section 1151 of the Code arguing that it fails to set forth any standards of conduct upon which a demotion can be based and is therefore' constitutionally void for vagueness.
*35 [T’jhere shall be no demotion of any professional employee either in salary or in type of position without the consent of the employee, or - if such consent is not received, then such demotion shall be subject to the right to a hearing before the board of school directors and an appeal in the same manner as hereinbefore provided in the case of dismissal of a professional employee.
Our Supreme Court has recognized, in Smith v. Darby School District, supra, 388 Pa. at 308, 130 A.2d at 666, that “[t]he statute provides ‘why’ and ‘how’ an employee may be dismissed but only ‘how’ an employee may be demoted. And it held there that the demotion in question, resulting there from the abolition of a position, was valid as within the general power of school boards to maintain an efficient and competent schoól system. The Court said:
The determination that such action was necessary, if arrived at after' a consideration of ■ ’ the educational needs of the school district rather than on any arbitrary or improper basis, was within the power of the school board____
388 Pa. at 315, 130 A.2d at 669.
‘ “We must reiterate that a court is not a super Board of directors with superior knowledge of the administration of business, finance, or the science of pedagogics. It would be presumptuous to superimpose judicial control upon the exercise of discretion by trained educators. The legislature has vested wide powers in the Board of school directors. . . . Our appellate courts repeatedly have affirmed their exercise of this discretion. ’ ’ ’
388 Pa. at 315, 130 A.2d at 669.
The maintenance of an efficient and competent school system has clearly been accepted as a valid reason for the demotion of an employee, and we will accept it here. We would note further that dismissal for “such cause as will promote the efficiency of the force ’ ’ has been upheld as not unconstitutionally vague and as not a deprivation of due process by our United States Supreme Court in Arnett v. Kennedy, 416 U.S. 153 (1974). A legislative enactment will be deemed invalid only if it is so vague and indefinite that courts are unable to determine with any reasonable degree of certainty the intent of the legislative body or so incomplete, conflicting and inconsistent in its provisions that it cannot be executed. Furthermore, we believe that the appellant here was well aware of the basis for his demotion. He was informed numerous times by his supervisor that his insubordinate, disruptive and disloyal conduct was in .question, and clearly a professional employee whose failure to abide by legitimate instructions or to accept the authority of his or her supervisor may subject him to dismissal, is certainly subject to the lesser penalty of demotion. See Spano v.
The appellant argues further that he was denied procedural and substantive due process in his demotion because (1) he was not afforded reasonable notice that his conduct was unsatisfactory and constituted grounds for demotion; (2) the charges against bim were continuously supplemented during the course of the demotion hearing; (3) the Executive Director, Dr. Karam, was unqualified to evaluate his work; (4) he was denied a fair and impartial hearing; (5) the charges were not sustained by substantial evidence that would lead an impartial tribunal to conclude that they had been proved. The law is clear that the action of a board in a case such as this is presumptively valid. Hibbs v. Arensberg, 276 Pa. 24, 119 A. 727 (1923); Lucostic v. Brownsville Area School District, 6 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 587, 297 A.2d 516 (1972). And the appellant, as the demoted employee contesting the action of the Board, has the burden of proving the action to have been arbitrary, discriminatory, or founded upon improper considerations. Smith v. Darby School District, supra; Lucostic v. Brownsville Area School District, supra; Lakeland Joint School District v. Gilvary, 3 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 415, 283 A.2d 500 (1971). We must agree here with the Acting Secretary that the record clearly indicates that the appellant was afforded notice of his unsatisfactory performance. It plainly shows that he had five meetings with the Executive Director over a one-year period during which an evaluation of his unsatisfactory performance was
The appellant complains that at least twenty-nine allegations of misconduct, in addition to those covered in the first thirty-seven charges which in turn supplemented the original four basic complaints, were entered in the hearing record at various times during the course of the hearings without any prior notice to ■him. Our. review of the record reveals, however, that these were not new and additional charges, but amplifications .of the four basic charges (disloyalty, insubordination, disruption of staff and incompetent administration) and that they arose out of testimony given at the-hearing and during the cross-examination of the appellant; Furthermore, inasmuch as the decision of the Board was based upon a vote solely regarding the statement of charges submitted to the appellant prior to the hearing, we believe that the appellant’s argument as to lack of notice relative to these particular allegations is without merit.
The appellant.also argues that the Executive Director had little or no knowledge of the administrative and psychological concepts necessary for administering and evaluating special education programs, and that his evaluation of the appellant’s performance was therefore invalid. In support of this contention, he cites numerous statements by the Executive Director
In support of the appellant’s allegation that he was denied a fair and impartial hearing, he points out that when the Board met on April 1,1975 it did not merely vote to notify the appellant that the statement of charges submitted could result in his demotion and that he had a right to a hearing, but also adopted a resolution demoting the appellant effective May 7, 1975. The law is clear that a demotion cannot become effective until after the hearing has taken place. Tassone v. Redstone Township School District, supra; Abington School District v. Pittenger, supra. This Court in Abington relied upon the language of our Supreme Court in Tassone where it stated: .
*40 The prime function of any hearing procedure is to require the official authority to explain its action to the professional employee affected and to afford him the opportunity to present his position in light of such explanation.
The demotion moreover cannot become effective until after the hearing has taken place.
408 Pa. at 293-94,183 A.2d at 538-39.
The notice here read in part as follows:
[T]his Board has sufficient evidence to support its action and therefore said Harold D. McCoy is hereby demoted from Director of Special Education to School Psychologist as of May 7, 1975.
The Board argues that the procedure which it observed scrupulously followed the procedure approved in Abington, supra, because the Board made the effective date of this demotion several weeks later, not wanting to render a final decision until the hearing had concluded. In support of this argument, the Board points out that it referred in its action to the “pending demotion” and, after the hearings began, it continued the effective date of the demotion twice, once to June 30 and again to August 5, 1975. This Court said in Abington, supra:
The Board only needed to have passed a resolution that it had sufficient evidence to support its belief, to demote [the appellant] Albrecht by some given date, and therein direct the Secretary and President of the Board to serve notice upon Albrecht of this fact and to advise him of his right to a hearing.
9 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 71, 305 A.2d at 387.
The Board points' out in addition that the final vote on the appellant’s demotion was not unanimous on all
The appellant argues, finally, that the charges were not sustained by substantial evidence and that the' testimony in the record demonstrates that his performance was highly satisfactory. Our review of the record indicates, however, that testimony was received on all of the charges and that all were supported by substantial evidence. As noted in the opinion of the Acting Secretary, quoted in the Board’s brief:
It is not unusual for a highly competent professional technician or clinician to be advanced to a supervisory position where he finds himself unsuited for his new role.... Therefore, it is no reflection upon Mr. McCoy’s professional competence as a psychologist that the Board has determined that he was performing unsatisfactorily in the supervisory position of Director of Special Education. In fact, the Board’s decision to retain him as school psychologist is an endorsement of his competence as a school psychologist.
We believe that there is substantial evidence’ on the record to support the Board’s decision to demote the appellant and that this action was taken as a reasonable exercise of the Board’s discretion free from any violations of due process.
The order of the Acting Secretary sustaining the Board’s action and dismissing the appeal-is therefore affirmed.
And Now, this 28th day of September, 1978 the order of the Acting Secretary of Education in the above-captioned matter is hereby affirmed.
Act of March 19, 1949, P.L. 30, as amended, 24 P.S. §1-101 et seq.
Section 1121 of tlie Code, applicable in those cases, provides: In aU school districts, all contracts with professional employes shall be in writing. ...
24 P.S. §11-1121.
Intermediate units are comprised of numerous school districts. See Sections 901-A and 902-A of the Code, added by Section’ 1 of the Act of May 4, 1970, P.L. 311, 24 P.S. §9-951 and §9-952.
Section 2(h) of the Act of August 13, 1963, P.L. 689, 24 P.S. §1225 (h), amending the Act of May 29, 1931, P.L. 210, authorizes the Department of Education to prescribe the professional titles used in the public school system.
Similarly, a “School Psychologist” falls within the category of “school- counselor” which is a “professional employee” under Section 1101(1), 24 P.S. §11-1101(1). Charleroi Area School District v. Secretary of Education, 18 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 121, 347 A.2d 736 (1975).
We believe the--appellant can attach the- statute-as void for vagueness while alternatively claiming the right .to the procedural protections provided within the same statute because the Code contains a severability section, Section 104, 24 P.S. §1-104. Furthermore, we note that one who obtains benefits under a. statute is not always; estopped from attacking the statute as being unconstitutional. See Schenley Distillers, Inc. v. United States, 153.F.Supp. 898
We do note that the provisions of the Code listing valid causes for termination of the same professional- employees as immorality, incompetency, intemperance and cruelty, have been held not to be unconstitutionally vague or indefinite. Bovino v. Board of School Directors, 32 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 105, 377. A,2d 1284 (1977). See Albert Appeal, 372 Pa. 13, 92 A.2d 663 (1952).
For example, when asked to define the basis for his evaluation of the appellant’s allegedly improper attitude, the Executive Director responded, “It’s like falling in love, you just know.” (N.T. 392)
