7 Ind. 378 | Ind. | 1856
At a term of the Circuit Court of the county of Howard, held on the 22d day of November, 1852, Me Cool, was indicted for a misdemeanor. At the following term, he pleaded in abatement that the Howard Circuit Court had no jurisdiction to find said indictment. A demurrer to this plea was overruled. Motions to dismiss the suit, and to quash the indictment, were also overruled, and on not guilty pleaded the state had judgment.
The question is, could a term of the Howard Circuit Court be lawfully held at the time the indictment was found? It was held at the time fixed by law previous to 1852. An act was approved on the 17th of June of that year, districting the state for judicial purposes, reducing the number of circuits from thirteen to ten, and placing Howard county in the ninth circuit, previous to which it had been in the eighth. Laws of 1852, p. 101. On the following day, an act was approved, fixing the time of holding Courts throughout the state. By that act the Howard Circuit Court was to be held on the 13th of September. Ibid., 104. It provides that hereafter the Courts shall be held, &c. These acts were published in a volume separate from the revised statutes.
The position assumed for the state is, that they were improperly published at that time; that it was not the intention of the legislature that they should have taken effect before the close of the fall terms of 1852; and this intention is shown, it is said, from certain other acts passed at the same session, fixing the times of holding Courts under the thirteen circuit system. Laws 1852, pp. 105, 108,109, 110, 111, 112,113. The last refers to the twelfth circuit, and to the fall term only.
We think the statutes relating to the ten circuit system were properly put in force. The state had adopted a new constitution, which provided for an elective judiciary. The ninth section of the schedule required judges of the Supreme Court to be elected at the general election in October, 1852. As a part of the system, a Court of Common Pleas was organized, to which was given jurisdiction
We think the secretary of state did not abuse the discretion with which he was intrusted in so doing. Had he not done so, no elections could have been held that year for circuit judges, and if we now hold that those statutes were improperly published, it will follow that the ten judges were not legally elected, and, in fact, that the ten circuit system has not been and is not now in force; because neither the act organizing the ten circuits, nor that fixing the times of holding Courts under it, has been to the present time published, if that was not a legal publication.
It is said that all the acts of the same session are to be examined to ascertain the legislative intention, and that admitting that these acts were properly published, still we should so construe them as not to render void the entire proceedings of the Howard Circuit Court; and we are informed that the proceedings of several other Courts are in the same predicament. The importance of the question, on account of its grave and serious consequences, is certainly not overestimated, and we should be slow to arrive at a conclusion fraught with such consequences, if it
In looking at these various enactments, and construing them all together, as far as may be, we are forced to the conclusion that the Howa/rd Circuit Court was not held at the time fixed by law. In the first place, it is difficult to avoid the effect of the word “ hereafter,” as it is used in the act of June 18th. “ The several Circuit Courts of this state shall hereafter be held,” &c., is the language employed, and we have seen that that act was in force when the Howcvrd Circuit Court was held, and that it required it to be held at a time different from the 22d of November. The other acts referred to, except the last, were passed in the early part of the session, in January and February, and long before any judicial system had been matured. The Common Pleas act was not adopted until May 14th; the Circuit Court act, June 1. The system had then been determined upon, and nothing remained but to fix the number of circuits and the times of holding the Courts.
The act in reference to the twelfth circuit, (p. 113), it is true, was not approved until the 17th of June. It is enough to say, as well in reference to that act, as to all others of the series, that it is a well-known fact in our legislative history, that little attention is paid to acts of this kind by the members generally. It is left to the members from the particular circuit to arrange the matter to suit themselves, or their constituents, and any act they agree upon is passed as a matter of course. It is expected that they will see to it, that any act of that nature they may wish to have passed, will be in harmony with the
The judgment is reversed. Cause remanded, with instructions to the Circuit Court to dismiss the suit for want of jurisdiction.