Lead Opinion
{1 Jaime McCamey, personal representative of the estate of Thomas McCamey, appeals the order dismissing this action for failure to prosecute. Despite the lengthy history of this litigation, we find that dismissal was inappropriate and reverse.
BACKGROUND
T2 Thomas MceCamey filed his first petition on May 31, 2000 (Case No. CJ-2000-2606), alleging medical negligence during a 1996 gurgical procedure conducted at. the Tulsa Regional Medical Center.
3 On February 12, 2002, McCamey's motion to vacate the 2000 case was granted. The 2001 case was found to be duplicative of McCamey's 2000 case and was dismissed on February 18, 2008, pursuant to an order directing all future pleadings to be filed in the 2000 case.
T4 In January 2004, the 2000 case was dismissed because McCamey's counsel failed to appear at the pretrial conference. McCamey filed a new action on January 26, 2005 (Case No. CJ-2005-551), in which, es
[5 After remand, the Medical Center and the remaining doctor in the case filed a motion for summary judgment, arguing that MceCamey's claim was now time barred. On December 8, 2008, the district court granted the motion for summary judgment and McCamey appealed. This Court, in Case No. 107,536, affirmed dismissal of the remaining individual defendant doctor but reversed the judgment in favor of the Medical Center. The case was remanded to the district court and mandate issued on July 25, 2011.
16 On November 7, 2011, McCamey's counsel filed a motion for a status and scheduling conference. A status conference was held on December 12, 2011, but reset for January 9, 2012, when the Medical Center did not appear. At the January status conference, a scheduhng order was entered establishing various deadlines and setting a final pretrial conference for November 19, 2012. Although it was apparently unknown to counsel or the Medical Center during this time, Mr. McCamey had died on August 29, 2011. Counsel for the Medical Center discovered that fact and filed a suggestion of death on October 24, 2012.
T7 On November 18, 2012, the Medical Center filed a motion to dismiss for failure to prosecute based on District Court Rule 9(b). Okla. Dist. Ct. R. 9(b), 12 O.S.2011, ch. 2, app. The Medical Center noted that McCamey had failed to file witness and exhibit lists by the September 14, 2012 deadline set in the January 9, 2012 scheduling order. The Medical Center also argued, in the alternative, that laches barred prosecution of the case. No response was filed within the fifteen-day time period set by the District Court Rules. See Okla. Dist. Ct. R. 12 O.S.2011, ch. 2, app.
18 On January 28, 2018, Jaime McCamey was substituted for her deceased father as the plaintiff in this case. The parties appeared through their counsel at a status conference on March 18, 2018. A mew scheduling order set a final pretrial conference date for November 18, 2018, On May 31, 2018, the district court, apparently sua sponte, ordered Jaime McCamey to respond within twenty days to the Medical Center's November 2012 motion to dismiss. When no response was filed, the district court dismissed the case without prejudice on July 22, 2018. However, because the May 31, 2018 order to respond was not mailed to the correct address for Jaime McCamey's counsel, the district court granted Jaime MceCamey's motion to vacate the dismissal and allowed her to file a response. Her response did not change the result, and on January 8, 2014, the district court entered the following order: "[Medical Center's] motion to dismiss for failure to diligently prosecute is granted.” Jaime McCamey appeals.
19 Although the Medical Center relied on District Court Rule 9(b) in its motion to dismiss, the district court did not specify the authority on which it relied in dismissing McCamey's case. Rule 9(b) states: "Where an action is not diligently prosecuted, the court may require the plaintiff to show why the action should not be dismissed. If the plaintiff does not show good cause why the action should not be dismissed, the court shall dismiss the action without prejudice." Okla. Dist. Ct. R. 9(b), 12 O.S.2011, ch. 2, app. We note that in Cornett v. Carr, 2013 OK 30, ¶ 13, 302 P.3d 769, Rule 9 was "stricken [in its entirety] from the Rules for the District Courts of Oklahoma." The Court stated that its decision "shall apply prospectively-eontrolling only those cases currently pending or filed after the issuance of this opinion." - Id. ¶ 14.
110 Cornett was issued on April 28, 2018, mandated on June 11, 2013, and, there
STANDARD OF REVIEW
111 The district court's inherent authority to dismiss an action includes dismissal because. of a party's failure to timely prosecute a claim. Boston, 2003 OK 114, ¶ 35, 89 P.3d 1034. The district court's decision on a motion to dismiss for failure to prosecute involves the' exercise of judicial discretion. Kinter v. Baskin, 1974 OK 36, ¶ 4, 520 P.2d 679 ("A court has discretionary power to dismiss without prejudice a lawsuit for want of prosecution."). See also Baker v. Deichman, 1939 OK 327, ¶¶ 2, 4, 185 Okla. 452, 94 P.2d 246 (holding that the district court did not abuse its discretion in dismissing an action when, for a period of approximately seventeen years, the plaintiff had let the matter lie dormant).
(12 Review for abuse of discretion "includes an appellate review of both issues of law and fact." Boston, 2003 OK 114, ¶ 16, 89 P.3d 1034. An abuse of discretion occurs "when discretion is exercised to an end or purpose not justified by, and clearly against, reason and evidence. It is discretion employed on untenable grounds or for untenable reasons, or a discretionary act which is manifestly unreasonable." Patel v. OMH Med. Cir., Inc., 1999 OK 33, ¶ 20, 987 P.2d 1185.
ANALYSIS
113 The subject of this litigation is alleged negligence occurring almost twenty years ago, and the case has been on file for more than fifteen years. However, all of the delay in bringing this case to trial cannot be fairly attributed to dilatory conduct by Thomas McCamey or his counsel. For example, during that time period the case was on appeal for more than three and one-half years, and McCamey was precluded from prosecuting his case in the district court during that time. Subject to exceptions not applicable here, "the long standing rule [is] that while an appeal is pending in the appellate courts, the district court is without jurisdiction to make any order materially affecting the rights of the parties to that appeal." Daniel v. Daniel, 2001 OK 117, ¶ 11, 42 P.3d 863. Further, during a significant portion of the time that McCamey was free to prosecute his case, the Medical Center engaged in a litigation strategy that resulted in dismissals of McCamey's action otherwise than on
114 In addition, as Jaime McCamey correctly argues, after her father's death on August 29, 2011, and until she was substituted as the plaintiff on January 28, 2013, the district court's authority to proceed in this case was "suspended." Campbell v. Campbell, 1994 OK 84, ¶ 23, 878 P.2d 1037 (district court's authority suspended by party's death and any subsequent action taken by the court could only follow the substitution of the party by her representative), Consequently, the January 9, 2012 scheduling order, on which the Medical Center partially relies to show McCamey's failure to prosecute, was ineffee-tual to impose any pretrial deadline or requirement, Not even MceCamey's counsel had "authority to represent" McCamey in the case, much less respond to the Medical Center's November 2012 motion to dismiss. Id. ¶ 24.
T15 Further, we note that "the exercise of a court's inherent power to dismiss an action because of a party's delay in prosecuting that action is not determined solely by the passage of a particular period of time." Boston, 2003 OK 114, ¶ 36, 89 P.3d 1034. A dismissal for failure to prosecute "should not be used against the momentarily negligent, but should be used to prod attorneys to bring cases to trial and to dismiss the truly dormant cases." Id. ¶ 19. It is apparent from this record that McCamey and his counsel could have done more to bring this case to trial. And it is not certain that at least some of their delay was more than momentary negligence, However, the dis-positive issue in this appeal is whether that delay can be imputed to Jaime McCamey. We hold that it cannot,. The "duty of the courts" is to give all litigants their "primary right" to "a reasonable opportunity to have their day in court, and to have their rights and liberties tried upon the merits." Beck v. Jarrett, 1961 OK 162, ¶ 10, 363 P.2d 215. The reasonableness of Jaime McCamey's opportunity to have this case tried on the merits must be determined based on her conduct of this litigation after she was substituted as the plaintiff.
116 That is not to say that the status of this case and its lengthy litigation history are irrelevant to the "reasonable opportunity" determination. The "loss of evidence, death of witnesses or parties, or other developments, rendering it inequitable to continue permission to prosecute" are factors that may be considered. Baker v. Deichman, 1939 OK 327, ¶ 4, 185 Okla. 452, 94 P.2d 246. The Medical Center argues that such is the case here; it has been prejudiced by the delay and it would be inequitable to proceed.
117 The Medical Center points out that it scheduled McCamey's deposition on four occasions and each time the deposition was cancelled. As a result of MceCamey's death, it has now been deprived of the opportunity to take his deposition. But the record shows that each of those depositions was scheduled prior to December 2008 and that the Medical Center appears to have agreed to one of those cancellations. The Medical Center offers no explanation for its inability to compel McCamey's deposition in the intervening eight years preceding his death. See e.g., 12 O.S.2011 § 3237(A) (motion for an order compelling discovery), and section 3237(E) (authorizing sanctions for a party's failure to attend a deposition).
19 We note that the Medical Center appears to have access to McCamey's medical records. relevant to the 1996 surgery. The Medical Center also has discovery responses from McCamey regarding the basis for his negligence claim, stating that he did not know or recall who placed the drain or when the drain was placed in his body. Although McCamey's death prevents the Medical Center from taking his deposition, it also precludes aby "improving" this evidence by additional supporting testimony from McCamey.
120 The Medical Center has failed to show that despite the length of time this litigation has been pending, it has been prejudiced by the delay in the prosecution of this case to the extent that it would be inequitable to proceed. N onetheless, as previously discussed, dismissal may be warranted based on the manner in Whmh Jaime McCamey has conducted the prosecutmn of this case after her substitution as plaintiff.
121 Less than two months after she was substituted as the plaintiff in this case, Jaime McCamey's counsel appeared at a status conference at which a scheduling order was entered setting the final pretrial conference for eight months later. Rather than engage in the pretrial preparation necessary to be ready for trial on that date, the Medical Center pursued yet another attempt to have this case disposed of otherwise than on the merits. It was successful, forcing a third appeal and a third period of time during which the district court's jurisdiction to advance this case to trial was suspended and, notably, at a time when Jaime McCamey was "prepared to proceed with the case." Boston, ¶ 36. In administration of its docket, the district court exercises sound discretion when dismissing dormant and abandoned cases. See Campbell v. Pharr, 1995 OK CIV APP 153, ¶¶ 4-5, 916 P.2d 266 (discussing decisions from other jurisdictions and cited with approval in Boston, 2003 OK 114, ¶ 17, 89 P.3d 1034). This case may be old, but it is not dormant, and it has not been abandoned by Jaime McCamey. The order dismissing this action is reversed.
CONCLUSION
122 This case was dismissed for failure to prosecute eleven months after Jaime McCamey was substituted as the plaintiff in her deceased father's medical negligence action. The overriding policy in this State governing such matters emphasizes that "a party should not be denied a reasonable opportunity to have his or her case decided on the merits." Id. ¶ 19. That is a primary right which this record does not show Jaime McCamey has relinquished by her conduct of this litigation. The order dismissing this case is reversed, and the matter IS remanded for further proceedings.
123 REVERSED AND REMANDED FOR FURTHER PROCEEDINGS.
. Although McCamey sued other entities and individual defendants during the course of this litigation, Tulsa Regional Medical Center is the sole remaining defendant in this action.
. By striking Rule 9 in its entirety, the previously recognized "two-step" process requiring the plaintiff to show good cause for not dismissing a case has been eliminated. See Nelson v. Mercy Health Ctr., Inc., 2010 OK CIV APP 101, ¶ 13, 241 P.3d 276; Bicknell v. Randolph, 2005 OK CIV APP 7, ¶ 6, 105 P.3d 843. Therefore, to the extent that factor remains relevant, it is only as an aspect of the discretion exercised by the district court pursuant to its inherent authority to control its docket.
. - Our disposition.on this basis makes it unnecessary to consider the other assignments of error réised by Jaime McCamey in this appeal.
Concurrence Opinion
(sitting by designation), concurring specially,
- 11 I concur fully in the Majority's Opinion, The Majority is correct in reversing and in finding the trial court abused its discretion.
~T2 I note that the trial court relied on District Court Rule 9. Rule 9 was stricken on April 28, 2018. The trial court should have been aware of the status of Rule 9. Thus, the
T3 I agree that the trial court has authority to dismiss a petition upon failure to prosecute in a timely manner. I also recognize that the trial court, if it reaches the correct decision for the wrong reason, will be affirmed. Here, the trial court apparently felt that the length of the litigation was due to Plaintiffs failure to diligently prosecute and made its ruling based on the stricken D1stmct Court Rule 9.
4 The Majority correctly pointed out that the Medical Center's vigorous defense caused a substantial portion of the delay. Apparently, Medical Center hoped to wear down Plaintiff and exhaust Plaintiff's money and patience. Medical Center's delays resulted in Plaintiff incurring additional expenses, As a result of the delays, the trial court did not set a Jury trial and decedent was deprived of a verdict during his lifetime.