On Rehearing.
• [5] So far as the defendant’s right of trial by jury is involved the question presented is as to the effect of the defendant’s failure to comply with the statute rather than a construction of -the statute. If it was a question as to whether the act of the defendant that is supposed to effect the waiver was within the letter and spirit of the statute, and there was reasonable doubt as to whether the act was within the statute, as in Curlee’s Case, the doubt would be resolved in favor of the right of trial by jury. Curlee v. State, 75 South. 268;1 Here there is no doubt as to the fact that the defendant failed to comply with the requirements of the statute in making the demand or request for jury trial, and the result is that trial by jury was waived, and it became the court’s duty to proceed with the trial without a jury. Ex parte Elba Bank & Trust Co., 199 Ala. 651, 75 South. 294; Baader v. State, 201 Ala. 76, 77 South. 370.
[6] The fact that the court had previously ruled that the defendant had not waived trial by jury and had passed the cause to a day of the jury term, in no way relieved the court of the duty to try the defendant without a jury, and was not an obstacle to the correction of the erroneous order previously entered. The defendant’s rights are fixed by law as applied to the facts, and not by a holding of the court not in accord with the law.
[7] The name of the person assailed as laid in the indictment is “Nellie Busby.” This is a material averment and element of the burden of proof resting upon the state as to the identity of the offense. Morningstar v. State, 52 Ala. 405; Nugent v. State, 19 Ala. 540.
[8] The bill of exceptions recites that “Nellie Busby,” the person the evidence tends to show was arrested, was examined as a witness, and the evidence shows that that was her maiden name. On cross-examination, the defendant brought out the fact that previous to the assault the witness had- married one Martin Tucker, and also developed facts tending to show that the marriage was bigamous, and that Tucker had been convicted and sentenced to the penitentiary for the offense. Such marriages are void ad initio, and are not attended by the usual incidents attending a legal marriage, in the absence of statute so declaring. Stewart v. Vandervort, 34 W. Va. 524, 12 S. E. 736, 12 L. R. A. 50, and note; 18 Rul. Case Law, p. 445, § 75.
[9] If the marriage was bigamous, as the evidence tended to show, the name of the prosecutrix was not changed thereby, and the averments of the indictment were sustained.
[10] It was not essential to the defendant’s conviction that the evidence should show that the party jointly indicted with him-participated in the commission of the offense. White v. State, 12 Ala. App. 162, 68 South. 521; Segars v. State, 88 Ala. 144, 7 South. 46; Crawford v. State, 112 Ala. 1, 21 South. 214.
[11] We are of opinion that the word “no,” immediately before the words “A true bill,” refers to and is a part of the indorsement as to whether a prosecutor appeared, and that the position of the word on the indorsement is a mere clerical and self-correcting error; the word “prosecutor” being either written *583on the indictment before the word “no,” instead of after, or that these words were reversed in their order in transcribing the indorsement into the record.
Application overruled
Ante, p. 62.
The indictment was returned against the defendant on April 14, 1917. He was arrested and gave bail on the 8th of May, 1917. His first and only demand for trial by jury was made on November 5, 1917; more than 30 days having elapsed between the date of his arrest and the filing of the demand for trial by jury. Failing to demand a trial by jury within the time allowed by the statute, the right of trial by jury was waived, and it was the duty of the court to proceed to trial without a jury. Acts 1915, p. 940, § 2; Baader v. State, 201 Ala. 76,77 So. 370; Ex parte Elba Bank Trust Co., 199 Ala. 651,75 So. 294.
It is permissible for a witness to testify as to the appearance and emotions of another person. Parrish v. State,139 Ala. 45, 36 So. 1012; Gardner v. State, 96 Ala. 12,11 So. 402; Reeves v. State, 96 Ala. 33, 11 So. 296; Thornton v. State, 113 Ala. 43, 21 So. 356, 59 Am. St. Rep. 97.
The principle upon which such opinions are admissible as evidence is very fully stated in Carney v. State, 79 Ala. 14; Thornton v. State, supra; 4 Ency. Dig. Ala. Rep. p. 210, § 290(3).
Under this rule, the court did not err in overruling defendant's objection to the statement of the witness Busby that his daughters were nervous and frightened when he arrived at his home.
It was also permissible for the state to show as a part of the res gestæ of the assault made by the defendant and White on the Busby girls that the clothing of one of the girls was torn. Lundsford v. State, 2 Ala. App. 38, 56 So. 89; Rowlan v. State, 14 Ala. App. 19, 70 So. 953.
The indorsement on the indictment: "A true bill. J.A. West, Foreman of the Grand Jury. Filed in open court, this 14th day of April, 1917. J.L. Draper, Clerk" — was a sufficient compliance with the statute, and the motion in arrest of judgment was properly overruled. Code 1907, § 7154; McKee v. State, 82 Ala. 32, 2 So. 451.
There is no error in the record, and the judgment is affirmed.
Affirmed.
On Rehearing.
So far as the defendant's right of trial by jury is involved the question presented is as to the effect of the defendant's failure to comply with the statute rather than a construction of the statute. If it was a question as to whether the act of the defendant that is supposed to effect the waiver was within the letter and spirit of the statute, and there was reasonable doubt as to whether the act was within the statute, as in Curlee's Case, the doubt would be resolved in favor of the right of trial by jury. Curlee v. State,
75 So. 268.
Here there is no doubt as to the fact that the defendant failed to comply with the requirements of the statute in making the demand or request for jury trial, and the result is that trial by jury was waived, and it became the court's duty to proceed with the trial without a jury. Ex parte Elba Bank Trust Co.,
199 Ala. 651,
75 So. 294; Baader v. State,
201 Ala. 76,
77 So. 370.
The fact that the court had previously ruled that the defendant had not waived trial by jury and had passed the cause to a day of the jury term, in no way relieved the court of the duty to try the defendant without a jury, and was not an obstacle to the correction of the erroneous order previously entered. The defendant's rights are fixed by law as applied to the facts, and not by a holding of the court not in accord with the law.
The name of the person assailed as laid in the indictment is "Nellie Busby." This is a material averment and element of the burden of proof resting upon the state as to the identity of the offense. Morningstar v. State, 52 Ala. 405; Nugent v. State, 19 Ala. 540.
The bill of exceptions recites that "Nellie Busby," the person the evidence tends to show was arrested, was examined as a witness, and the evidence shows that that was her maiden name. On cross-examination, the defendant brought out the fact that previous to the assault the witness had married one Martin Tucker, and also developed facts tending to show that the marriage was bigamous, and that Tucker had been convicted and sentenced to the penitentiary for the offense. Such marriages are void ad initio, and are not attended by the usual incidents attending a legal marriage, in the absence of statute so declaring. Stewart v. Vandervort, 34 W. Va. 524, 12 S.E. 736, 12 L.R.A. 50, and note; 18 Rul. Case Law, p. 445, § 75.
If the marriage was bigamous, as the evidence tended to show, the name of the prosecutrix was not changed thereby, and the averments of the indictment were sustained.
It was not essential to the defendant's conviction that the evidence should show that the party jointly indicted with him participated in the commission of the offense. White v. State,12 Ala. App. 162, 68 So. 521; Segars v. State, 88 Ala. 144,7 So. 46; Crawford v. State, 112 Ala. 1, 21 So. 214.
We are of opinion that the word "no," immediately before the words "A true bill," refers to and is a part of the indorsement as to whether a prosecutor appeared, and that the position of the word on the indorsement is a mere clerical and self-correcting error; the word "prosecutor" being either written
on the indictment before the word "no," instead of after, or that these words were reversed in their order in transcribing the indorsement into the record.
Application overruled
BROWN, P. J.
[1] The indictment was returned against the defendant on April 14, 1917. He was arrested and gave bail on the 8th of May, 1917. His first and only demand for trial by jury was made on November 5, 1917; more than 30 days having elapsed between the date of his arrest and the filing of the demand for trial by jury. Failing to demamd a trial by jury within the time allowed by the statute, the right of trial by jury was waived, and it was the duty of the court to proceed to trial without a jury. Acts 1915, p. 940, § 2; Baader v. State, 201 Ala. 76, 77 South. 370; Ex parte Elba Bank & Trust Co., 199 Ala. 651, 75 South. 294.
[2] It is permissible for a witness to testify as to the appearance and emotions of another person. Parrish v. State, 139 Ala. 45, 36 South. 1012; Gardner v. State, 96 Ala. 12, 11 South. 402; Reeves v. State, 96 Ala. 33, 11 South. 296; Thornton v. State, 113 Ala. 43, 21 South. 356, 59 Am. St. Rep. 97.
The principle upon which such opinions are admissible as evidence is very fully stated in Carney v. State, 79 Ala. 14; Thornton v. State, supra; 4 Ency. Dig. Ala. Rep. p. 210, § 290(3).
Under this rule, the court did not err in overruling defendant’s objection to the statement of the witness Busby that his daughters were nervous and frightened when he arrived at his home.
[3] It was also permissible for the state to show as a part of the res gestee of the assault made by the defendant and White on the Busby girls that the clothing of one of the girls was torn. Lundsford v. State, 2 Ala. App. 38, 56 South. 89; Rowlan v. State, 14 Ala. App. 19, 70 South. 953.
[4] The indorsement on the indictment: “A true bill. J. A. West, Foreman of the Grand Jury. Filed in open court, this 14th day of April, 1917. J. L. Draper, Clerk”— was a sufficient compliance with the statute, and the motion in arrest of judgment was properly overruled. Code 1907, § 7154; McKee v. State, 82 Ala. 32, 2 South. 451.
There is no error in the record, and the judgment is affirmed.
Affirmed.