71 Tex. 631 | Tex. | 1888
1. The court gave the jury a rule of computing the amount due plaintiff Harris, in case their finding should be for him, substantially according to the terms of the contract.
The rule furnished by the contract was one dollar and twenty-five cents per head up to April 10, 1885, for the number of cattle turned out of the pasture, excluding calves dropped after June, 1884, and at the same rate, per six months, for the time the cattle remained in the pasture after April 10, 1885, excluding calves six and one-half months old and under. We understand the charge to give the contract rate with interest, as allowed by law, from'the time the cattle were turned out of the pasture. It was necessary, in case the jury should find for plaintiff, to give them the contract rate of pasturage, and to do so would not be to charge upon the weight of evidence, or to express an opinion upon the case.
If any real objection could be found to this portion of the charge, it would be that it should have been supplemented by a direction as to how the verdict should be reached in case the defenses set up were established by the evidence in whole or in part. The error assigned does not make this objection.
There was no unnecessary repetition in the charge under the rule of computation given in the charge. The court stated the rule, a rule somewhat complicated, and gave an example of the process. The charge is not obnoxious to the principle laid down in Hays v. Hays, 66 Texas, 607.
2. By the contract Harris agreed not to overstock the pasture during the time defendants’ cattle remained on it. The court instructed the jury that if defendants, or either of them made an examination of the pasture and ascertained its contents, and then made the contract to put their cattle th.erein, the plaintiff was entitled to allow his stock in the pasture on the tenth of October, to remain therein, and such action would not render them guilty of overstocking the pasture.
Upon this subject the defendants requested a special charge in effect as follows, which was refused: “By the terms of the contract, plaintiff was not to put nor permit to remain in the pasture at any time during the continuance of the contract, so many stock as would consume the grass and render it unfit for ordinary purposes of pasturage.” It was in proof that defendant Clampitt inspected the pasture beforehand, and then executed the con
3. The court instructed the jury that “if they should find
Upon the same subject the defendants requested the following charge, which was refused: “If the jury believe from the evidence that one thousand one hundred and nineteen head of -cattle was the true number taken out of the pasture -by defendants, then defendants, under the contract, are liable for pasturage on said number and no more.” Defendants complain that there was error in the charge given and in the refusal to give the one requested.
The price to be paid by defendants for pasturage was fixed by the contract at one dollar and twenty-five cents per head, and at that rate per six months for the number “counted” when delivered out of the pasture. The inquiry was, how many were turned out or “counted” when turned out?
The jury might well look to the number of cattle put in the pasture, in arriving at the number turned out, taking into eon.sideration the number that died and that may have escaped by reason of insufficient fences; but a reference to the number put in Would not be the only method of ascertaining the number turned out, or by any means the most certain and definite. The greatest number put in would not be the number turned •out, at all; and we can not agree that such a rule should apply merely upon the ground that defendants may by a voluntary act have caused the failure to count the cattle at the proper time. There are cases where the highest price of an article converted by the wrongful act of another would be allowed the owner—the highest market price from the time of conversion to the time of trial; and there are many cases where a wrongful and voluntary confusion of one’s own with the goods of another would work a forfeiture of the title of the wrong doer to the goods so confounded; but in these cases the act must be wrongful.
We do not intend to say, however, that such cases are anal.agous to the one before us. Here the real number of cattle to
4. Defendants offered to prove by Clampitt all the conversation plaintiff had with him, on the ground that plaintiff had proven a part of the conversation. Plaintiff objected and the court sustained the objection. Defendants saving an exception here assign the ruling as error. All of a conversation is not admissible because a part of it has been used by the other side. Only such other part of the conversation as relates to the same subject is admissible, unless the whole conversation is admissible on other grounds. All that was said at the same time upon the same subject is admissible,- that is, such other parts of the same conversation or admission as will explain the part admitted, so that the whole admission will be understood. (1 Grreenl. Ev., sec. 201, 202, and note a.) There was no error in the ruling unless the evidence was admissible on other grounds.
Defendants asked witness Clampitt if plaintiff did not agree to keep the fences around the pasture in good repair? The court sustained plaintiff’s objection to the question, and defendants having excepted to the ruling now assign the ruling as error. What the answer to the question would have been, or what defendants expected to prove, does not appear. It has been several times decided by our Supreme Court that unless it is shown by the bill what was expected to be proved in answer to a question, the assigned error will not be considered.
Defendants asked the same witness what the condition of the fence around the pasture was at the time his cattle were there? They expected to prove by the witness that the fence was in bad condition, not sufficient to prevent cattle from going in or out. Error is assigned to the ruling excluding the evidence.
Defendants also asked the same witness, ceWhafc number of cattle, if any, defendants lost out of the pasture?” and expected to prove that they had lost a considerable number. The court sustained the plaintiff’s objection to the question. Both the question and answer were admissible. If the fences were not sufficient to hold the cattle and some of them escaped, they
Though we are not required by the rules to express any opinion as to the ruling of the court in excluding the question asked Clampitt, “if plaintiff did not agree to keep the fences in repair,” it may be advisable, in view of another trial, to say that, in our opinion, it is wholly immaterial whether he agreed to do so or not. He was bound to do so whether he contracted to that end or not. What were the relations of the parties? Hot that of landlord and tenant, certainly. Plaintiff was, by his contract, furnishing pasturage for so many of defendant’s cattle, and was furnishing á fenced pasture. He did not rent them the pasture, but charged them so much for the privilege of grazing and keeping their cattle in his pasture. It was his duty, then, to keep his fences in repair to make it a reasonably safe in closure for the cattle of defendants. If cattle escaped from the pasture he would not be allowed compensation for them, and damages might otherwise have resulted to defendants by loss of cattle or by the pasture becoming crowded and overstocked on account of bad fences.
Because of errors pointed out, we conclude the cause should be reversed and remanded for a new trial.
Reversed and remanded.
Opinion adopted October 30, 1888.
Stayton,
Chief Justice.