Kеlly McAnally sustained injuries from exposure to smoke from field burning allegedly done by Bonjac, Inc. in 1995. Kelly McAnally is an Idaho resident; Bonjac, Inc. is a Washington farming corporation. Thе McAnallys filed a tort lawsuit in Idaho. The district court dismissed the case on summary judgment, holding that Idaho lacked personal jurisdiction over Bonjac, Inc. The McAnallys appeаl. We reverse and remand.
I.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
On September 18, 1995, Kelly McAnally (McAnally) was at home in Coeur d’Alene, preparing to go to work at Kootenai Medical Center (KMC), where she is a registered nurse in the Intensive Care Unit. She began having difficulty breathing from a great deal of smoke that was in the air from grass-field burning in Idaho and Washington. It was so smoky outside that McAnally stated shе had to use her headlights to get to work. McAnally “suffered a near respiratory collapse” when she arrived at KMC and was admitted to the emergency room. She remainеd in the hospital for several days. McAnally continues to have respiratory problems and has been hospitalized several times since September 18, 1995. Her physicians attribute her respiratory difficulties to the smoke inhaled on that day.
On September 17, 1997, McAnally and her husband sued twenty-one Idaho and Washington farmers who had burned fields on September 18, 1995, as well as the Inter-mountain Grass Growers’ Association (IGGA), an organization that advises farmers on the times when field burning is permissible. 1 Bonjac, Inc. (Bonjac), a Washington *490 farming corporation, was named as a defendant bеcause McAnally believed its grass-burning activities had contributed to her injuries.
Bonjac is owned by Van Jacobson (Jacobson) and his wife. Although Bonjac no longer engaged in farming аt the time of the alleged tort, Jacobson still obtained permits from the Spokane County Air Pollution Control Agency (SCAPCA) for lands owned by Jacobson’s mother, Marie Jacobson (Marie). Marie’s land was leased to neighbor Kevin Kaelin (Kaelin). Jacobson gave conflicting testimony regarding the amount of acreage he burned on September 18,1995.
On September 18, 1995, the IGGA first advised farmers that burning could take place from 1:30 p.m. to 3:30 p.m. However, it later changed its advisory to end burning at 2:30 p.m. because the weather had changed. Jаcobson said that he relied on Kaelin to tell him when burning could take place. He also stated that he completed the burning by the 2:30 p.m. deadline, although he did not know about the deadline that day because he did not listen to the IGGA announcement.
Following initial discovery, some parties were dismissed voluntarily, and the remaining Washington defendants, with the еxception of Bonjac, eventually settled. On May 18, 2000, Bonjac moved for summary judgment, alleging, inter alia, a lack of personal jurisdiction; absence of negligence, trespass, nuisance, intentional and negligent infliction of emotional distress as a matter of law; and preclusion of nuisance claims by the Idaho Right to Farm Act. On July 10, 2000, the district court filed an order granting Bonjac’s motion for summary judgment, finding that Idaho could not exercise personal jurisdiction over Bonjac. The court certified the order as a final judgment pursuant to I.R.C.P. 54(b). On July 12, 2000, thе McAnallys filed this timely appeal.
II.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
Summary judgment is proper “if the pleadings, depositions, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any mаterial fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” I.R.C.P. 56(c). “When reviewing an appeal from a grant of summary judgment, this Court employs the same standard usеd by the district court originally ruling on the motion.”
Northwest Bec-Corp v. Home Living Serv.,
III.
ANALYSIS
A. The District Court Erred In Determining That Idaho Lacked Personal Jurisdiction Over Bonjac.
Bonjac contends that the district court correctly ruled that it did not have pеrsonal jurisdiction over the respondent. Bonjac states that to exercise jurisdiction, an Idaho court would need to demonstrate that the act giving rise to the causе of action falls under Idaho’s long arm statute, and that the constitutional standards of due process would be met. Bonjac asserts that in this case, an Idaho court cannоt demonstrate that it should exercise jurisdiction.
*491 Bonjac first asserts that I.C. § 5-514, Idaho’s long arm statute, does not support Idaho jurisdiction over Bonjac. Bonjac claims that only оne of the possible situations outlined in I.C. § 5-514 could potentially apply. Idaho Code section 5-514(b) provides for personal jurisdiction over a non-resident defendant when а tort is committed within the state. Bonjac states that to establish a tort, McAnally needed to prove the existence of an actionable wrong and damages. Bonjac then argues that unlike in the “stream of commerce” cases, the foreign device or mechanism in this case cannot be identified as causing McAnally’s injury. Bonjac argues that the expert testimony relied upon by McAnally was speculative and does not constitute more than a mere scintilla of evidence. Bonjac claims that this Court should dеny jurisdiction because McAnally failed to prove that Bonjac’s actions were the proximate cause of her injuries.
Bonjac further asserts that even if Idaho cоuld exercise personal jurisdiction over it, there are not “sufficient minimum contacts,” with Idaho.
Int'l Shoe Co. v. Washington,
Bonjac argues that in this case, the due process inquiry regarding notions of fair play and substantial justice dоes not favor the exercise of long arm jurisdiction because the factors to be considered reason against it. Bonjac notes that it is a Washington farmer, subject tо that state’s jurisdiction, regulatory agencies, and standards. Bonjac claims that Idaho has no interest in the agricultural activities in another state. Bonjac argues that agriсultural burning in Washington does not constitute purposeful availment of the privilege of the laws of Idaho. Thus, there are no requisite “minimum contacts.”
The question of the existence of personal jurisdiction over an out-of-state defendant is one of law, which this Court reviews freely.
Beco Corp. v. Roberts and Sons Constr. Co., Inc.,
The commission of a tort within the state is considered sufficient contact “to invoke the tortious act language of I.C. § 5-514(b).”
St. Alphonsus,
IV.
CONCLUSION
This Court reverses the grant of summary judgment and remands this ease to the district court for consideration based on this Court’s finding that Idaho courts have per *492 sonal jurisdiction over Bonjac. The district court did not address any of the McAnallys’ substantive claims, and it should do that on remand. Costs to appellants.
Notes
. In 1995, the Washington legislature took away the Spokane County Air Pollution Control Agen *490 cy’s authority to limit the number of agricultural burn days. The IGGA then undertook to administer a bum season from August 15 through September 30 of that year.