178 S.W.2d 67 | Ark. | 1944
About 5:30 a.m., April 7, 1943, a police officer in Malvern, Arkansas, arrested one Richard Smith and placed him in a cell already occupied by appellant. A search of Smith, made by the officer, revealed that he had on his person seventeen dollars, which, after being counted, was returned to Smith. The officer testified that appellant was awake and watched him count the money; this was denied by appellant. About an hour after Smith was placed in the cell appellant (who was working out a fine) was taken from the cell and put to work cleaning up the jail. Still later in the morning he was taken out in the city and put to work on the streets. The chief of police being informed that the seventeen dollars belonging to Smith was missing, and suspecting appellant, went to the place where he was working to investigate. The chief testified that a search of appellant's person failed to disclose the money. At noon, when appellant was returned to the jail, he was questioned further, and finally stated that, while he *1000 was sweeping the jail that morning, he swept up a lot of paper, and that in with this paper he found one five dollar bill and twelve one-dollar bills; that he spent forty cents for tobacco and apples. He thereupon delivered the remaining $16.60 to the chief of police. At the trial appellant testified that when he found the money he did not know to whom it belonged that he had no intention of stealing it; that when the officers first searched him they did not tell him they were looking for the money, and he didn't know that they were, and therefore he made no statement concerning the money at that time; that he was asleep when the officer placed Smith in the cell; that there were four prisoners in the cell.
Appellant was charged on information with the crime of grand larceny; was convicted and sentenced to two years imprisonment in the penitentiary; and from the judgment prosecutes this appeal.
Among other instructions given at the request of the state, the court, over the objection and exception of appellant, gave instruction No. 2, as follows: "You are instructed that if you find from the evidence in this case, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the defendant found the money, alleged to have been stolen, at the time mentioned in the information, and converted the same to his own use without voluntarily attempting to find the rightful owner thereof, and that he gave the money up only after pressure from the officers, then you are told to find the defendant guilty."
The duty imposed upon the finder of lost goods was fully discussed in an exhaustive opinion delivered by Chief Justice McCULLOCH in the case of Brewer v. State,
In the Brewer case the trial court had given an instruction as follows: "If you believe from the evidence that the defendant found the pocket-book, and either knew or found out to whom it belonged, and on demand of the owner denied having it, or did not voluntarily return it to him, he would be guilty of larceny, and you should so find."
Applying the rule summarized by him in the above quotation, Judge McCULLOCH declared this instruction erroneous because it "conveyed to the minds of the jury the idea that if the defendant either knew or afterwards ascertained who the owner was and denied having the pocket-book, or failed to voluntarily return it, this made him guilty of larceny."
We think instruction No. 2 as given in the case at bar is subject to the same criticism as the instruction held erroneous in the Brewer case. Under this instruction the jury was authorized to convict, even though they should believe from the evidence that the original taking was without felonious intent, if followed by a felonious asportation.
We are of the opinion that the giving of instruction No. 2 by the court constituted a reversible error.
Freeman Scott, the officer who placed Smith in jail, testified as a witness for the state. . . . After the defendant had testified to the effect that he was asleep when Smith was placed in jail, Scott was recalled by the state, and testified in rebuttal that appellant was at the time awake, and that he watched him count Smith's money. Cross-examining Scott on this rebuttal testimony, counsel for appellant asked if the other prisoners in the cell were also awake, and Scott testified that he did not recall that there were any other prisoners in the cell; that he was not sure, and could not tell without going to the city hall and looking at the jail records. *1002 Thereupon counsel for the state objected to any further testimony relative to other prisoners being in the cell. The court sustained the objection; whereupon, in the presence of the jury, the following remarks passed between counsel for appellant and the court: "Mr. Barnett: It is his witness on rebuttal and you permitted him to testify, and I ask permission of the court to question this witness. The Court: To grant your motion would be just silly. Mr. Barnett: I object to the remarks of the court. The Court: Now, Mr. Barnett, I am not going to put up with any more of this foolishness. Your motion will be overruled, and you may save your exceptions."
We agree with appellant's contention that the remarks of the trial court constituted an unmerited rebuke of appellant's counsel in the presence of the jury which tended to prejudice appellant's rights. In the case of Western Coal Mining Co. v. Kranc,
At 64 C.J., p. 92, it is said: "Where counsel engaged in the trial of an action is guilty of impropriety or misconduct, a proper admonition, censure, or rebuke *1003 by the presiding judge, in the presence and hearing of the jury, is ordinarily not prejudicial, where not couched in intemperate language, although it is ordinarily preferable that any rebuke be administered in the jury's absence. The judge is justified in using to counsel language sufficiently pointed and emphatic to put an end to objectionable conduct, and some warmth or asperity in interchanges between counsel, and the court will not give ground for complaint, particularly in a hotly contested case."
In the footnotes supporting the text the following cases are referred to Weinberg v. Pavitt,
Although it may be assumed that the trial judge did not intend that his remarks should in any way prejudice the rights of appellant, or influence the jury, still his choice of words was unfortunate. The words to grant your motion "would just be silly" doubtless was construed by the jury to mean that the motion itself was silly, and they could have gathered the impression that the court was intentionally belittling it, and holding counsel up to ridicule for having made it. Viewed in this light, the court's remarks could have been construed as a reflection upon counsel's knowledge and skill as a lawyer, and, perhaps, even as a suggestion that counsel was guilty of improper conduct. Not only this, but when counsel objected to the remarks of the court, which he unquestionably had a right to do, he was informed that the court would not "put up with any more of this foolishness." This constituted an unmerited reprimand and prejudicial error calling for reversal. In the case of *1004
Adams v. Fisher,
Other errors are assigned in the motion for new trial, but, since there is little likelihood that the same questions will occur on a retrial of this cause, we deem it unnecessary to discuss the same.
For the errors indicated the judgment is reversed, and the cause remanded for a new trial.