49 F. 40 | 5th Cir. | 1891
(after stating the facts as above.) The-question as to whether the debt for the collection of which a mandamus was prayed was a liability of the city of New Orleans or not has been determined by the judgment. If there could have been any defense made to the action on account of the debt having been contracted for the purposes of the year 1882, and not paid from the revenues of that year, and therefore involving the accumulation of an indebtedness such as was prohibited by the act of 1877, it should have been made at the trial of the cause in the court below. In U. S. v. New Orleans, 98 U. S. 395, the court says:
“In the present ease the indebtedness of the city of New Orleans is conclusively established by the judgments recovered. The validity of the bonds*42 upon which they were rendered is not now open to question. Nor is the payment of the judgments restricted to any species of property or revenues, or subject to any conditions. The indebtedness is absolute. If there were any question originally as to a limitation of the means by which the bonds were to be paid, it is cut off from consideration now by the judgments. If a limitation existed, it should have been insisted upon when the suits on the bonds were pending, and continued in the judgments. The fact that none is thus continued is conclusive on this application that none existed.”
Also, Nelson v. Police Jury St. Martin’s Parish, 111 U. S. 716, 4 Sup. Ct. Rep. 648.
But it is urged that, although this may be a judgment absolute, yet it may be sufficiently examined, for the purpose of ascertaining if it' is such a liability as was entitled to registration under the act of 1870. If we yield to the arguments of counsel so urgently made, and go back of the judgment for that purpose only, we find that the cause of action was on contract for services and supplies for the year 1882; and that the original petition alleges that the funds of that year were misappropriated by the city of New Orleans. Upon these allegations the case was tried, and an absolute judgment given.
The allegations of the petition upon which the judgment was based, in the absence of any further record, are sufficient to show the natdre and character of the debt, and the reason why it was not paid from the revenues of that year. There is nothing to show that any provision of the act of 1877 was violated, that any money was appropriated for the year 1882 in excess of its revenues, nor that any warrant or evidence of indebtedness was issued, except against money actually in the treasury. It certainly cannot be contended that the act of 1877 was intended to invalidate a debt which was just and legal when incurred, on account of a misappropriation of funds from which it should have been paid. The reason why the judgment was not made payable from the revenues of the year 1882 is plainly apparent from the allegations of the record that those funds had already been misappropriated. But we consider that the judgment has determined all those questions, and must be accepted as final and conclusive.
In every act in which the budgeting or estimating for the amount of revenue required for the ensuing year has been considered, it has been expressly stated, in terms, that the liabilities should be included in the-estimates. That the policy of legislation and will of the legislators is against permitting an increase of indebtedness, from which so much financial trouble has come in the past, is distinctly shown. If the liabilities of one year’s unpaid bills can be ignored, so can those of another, until the accumulation of a floating indebtedness comes to be regarded as a matter of no importance. In order to prevent this, it appears that the duty of municipal officers has been made plain and distinct in this respect. It has been repeatedly established, by aline of .decisions, both in the supreme court of the United States and of this state, that it is the duty of the common council of the city to budget, provide for, and pay its liabilities. Where it has been found that there had been a more extended power of taxation at the time of the contract upon which the in
We most cheerfully accept the principle that in all matters of state and municipal law, the construction of the supreme court of the state must control, but we fail to line! therein such construction or principle established. In State v. Mayor, 30 La. Ann. 129, a case in winch the question was fairly presented, demanding a positive answer, whether or not it was the duty of the city government to provide in the yearly budget out of the funds to arise from the general tax means for paying judgments against the city, and whether a writ of mandamus would issue for the purpose of compelling a, performance of this duty, the question was answered in the affirmative, in the case of Moore v. City of New Orleans, 32 La. Ann. 726, it does not appear by the statement of the case and questions under consideration, as found in the opinion of the court, that such question was involved in the determination of the case; nevertheless, the writ was issued to compel the performance of what the court termed a ministerial duty in levying and applying the tax. The same may be said in the case of Saloy v. City of New Orleans, 33 La. Ann. 79. This question does not appear to have been involved in the determination of the case at issue. In no case has an applicant for a writ of mandamm to compel a performance of the duty of providing for the liabilities of the city been refused, but in numerous cases has-it been granted. The legislature lias declared a 10-mill tax to bo sufficient to provide for the city’s unbonded expenditures and liabilities, and it is not within the discretion of the council to exhaust the entire revenue with one class of disbursements, and leave the other to accumulate. In truth, it seems to be the plainly expressed intention of both legislative and judicial branches of the government to protect the city of New Orleans from the shoals and quicksands of financial embarrassment on account of any further accumulation of unfunded indebtedness.
In this case it is claimed that the entire revenues of the city have been appropriated and are necessary for alimony, — the running expenses,— necessary for nourishing, protecting, and preserving the peace and welfare of the city. This is not conceded by relator, but it is contended that several items of appropriations are for permanent improvements, which should not be paid from the four-fifths of the revenues which are set apart for the purposes of providing for the liabilities and ordinary expenses. It is not within the province of a court to interfere with the distribution of the revenues of a city when the plain duties of its officers are performed. Nor do wo assume to be vested with the power to frame a budget for the city of New Orleans, but we do consider that we are vested with the power to examine such budget, when made, and to determine therefrom the compliance or non-compliance with a plain
By an act of the legislature, No. 109 of 1886, it is provided that 20 per cent, of the revenues shall be reserved for the purposes of permanent public improvements. This would necessarily imply that the other four-fifths were to be devoted entirely to the budget of liabilities and expenditures. Permanent public improvements could not, even in the absence of such legislation, be considered and deemed the necessary alimony of the city under any proper construction of that word, and this conclusion simply declares this well-established principle. Upon an examination of a copy of the budget of 1891, an exhibit filed with respondent’s answer, to justify the allegation that the entire revenues are necessary for the alimony of the city, we find in item 41 an appropriation of the amount of $20,-000 for a purpose, of which the respondents in their answer say: “It is equally clear that a drainage machine is a permanent public improvement.” Accepting respondent’s own representation of the character of this appropriation, it would certainly appear to he improperly taken from the amount claimed to be so necessary for the alimony of the city. We say nothing of several other items of appropriations which have been objected to by relator, and only accept respondent’s declaration of the character of the item mentioned. All of these are doubtless proper and just, but, when they are offered as an excuse for the non-payment of an amount incurred for the necessary alimony of the city in a past year, it seems that they should be paid from the reserve set apart for that purpose. To show that such appropriation from such portion of the revenue was not absolutely neeessaiy, we can but refer to the exhibit of the reserve fund. . This fund amounted, it appears by ordinance 4987, to $362,060.24. Of this amount hut $165,000 was appropriated, leaving a large proportion of the reserve revenues undisposed of. We make no comment upon this further than to mention it in answer to the plea of insufficient revenues and inability to pay declared liabilities.
We fail to find in the answer of respondents and the exhibit of the budget of 1891 such evidence of. the necessity for the entire revenue .of the city for the purpose of its alimony as would justify the neglect of a performance of a plain and declared duty.
But one point remains, and that is that relator, if entitled to the writ, is only entitled to it to pay the entire list of judgments recorded under the act of 1877, and that his judgment be paid only in order of recordation. To this it is only necessary to say, as the supreme court of the state have said in State v. City of New Orleans, 37 La. Ann. 18:
“We are not called upon tó consider the rights of other judgment creditors whose judgments rank that of relators in order of registry. The record does not advise us whether their judgments are based on contracts, or whether they rest upon causes of action arising prior to the constitutional amendment of 1874. It may be that none of them can compete with relators in the relief sought; but at all events, the unexhausted powers of taxation are ample to satisfy all; and if they are entitled to like rights with relators, and have neglected to exercise them, there is no reason why relators should suffer.’*
Pardee, Circuit Judge, did not participate in the hearing or determination of this case.
Bruce, District Judge. I concur in the conclusion and judgment of my Brother Locke in this ease. It is my opinion that it was the duty of the common council of the city to put the relator’s judgment upon the budget for the year 1891; that it was an act ministerial in its character, and mandatory, under the provisions of the act of Ex. Sess. 1870; that it was not within the discretion of the common council to postpone the relator’s judgment upon the ground that all the revenues of the city for the year 1891 are required to provide for what is called the alimony of the city, or on any other ground, and that the decisions of the supreme court of the state cannot be held, upon a fair consideration, to have settled the law in Louisiana otherwise.