7 Ct. Cl. 205 | SCOTUS | 1871
delivered the opinion of the court:
This case depends for its solution upon the construction we-g'ive to the second section of the act of Congress of February ■>, 1853, entitled, “ An act to continue half-pay to certain widows and orphans.” The plaintiff in the court below claims-that under that act his intestate, as the widow of a- revolutionary soldier, was entitled to a pension commencing March 4, 1848. She was allowed a pension only from February 3, 1853,. the date of the passage of the act-, and this suit is an effort to recover what are called arrears, viz, the pension for the time which elapsed between March 4, 1848, and February 3,1853.
It has been insisted on behalf of the United States that the-Court of Claims has no jurisdiction in such a case. We do not propose, however, to determine that question now, for we are of opinion that if that court had jurisdiction, it erred in giving judgment for the plaintiff. The section of the act of 1853,. under which the plaintiff claims, is as follows: “And be it further enacted, that the widows of all officers, non-commissioned officers, musicians, and privates of the revolutionary army, who were married subsequently to January, anno Domini eighteen hundred, shall bo entitled to a pension in the same manner as those who were married before that date.” It is clear that if this act stood alone no widow could be entitled to-a pension under it, commencing anterior to its passage. All
But, without pursuing this lino of remark further, whatever might be our opinions respecting the construction of the statute, were the matter res nova, we cannot regard the question as an open one. Immediately after the passage of the act it was construed by the Commissioner of Pensions as granting pensions commencing only from and after its passage, and stick construction has ever since been given to it by that Bureau. That such was its meaning seems also to have been the understanding of the next succeeding Congress after it was enacted. The act of 1818 gave pensions to widows of soldiers and mariners when they had been married before the 1st day of January, 1800. The act' of 1853 gave pensions to widows of soldiers, but not to widows of mariners. This was followed by an act passed .February 28,1855, giving pensions to widows of mariners and marines who served in the Navy during the revolutionary war, “in the same manner, and to the same extent,” as the widows of soldiers of the Army, “ under the second section of the act of February 3, 1853.” Here not only the manner, but the extent of the pension was directed, and widows of mariners were put upon the same footing with widows of soldiers married after January, 1800. Had it been understood that soldiers’ widows, married after January, 1800, were entitled to pensions commencing March 1, 1818, it would have been unnecessary to declare that mariners’ widows shoo hi have pen
In view of this action of Congress, and the long-standing construction of the act given by the Department whose duty it was to act under it, we are of opinion that the plaintiff’s intestate was not entitled to a pension commencing anterior to February 3,1853. The judgment of the.Court of Claims was, therefore, erroneous.
The judgment is reversed, and the record is remanded with instructions to dismiss the plaintiff’s suit.