Matthews v. Union Pacific Railway Co.

66 Mo. App. 663 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1896

Smith, P. J.

The plaintiffs sued the defendant for breach of a contract of affreightment, by which the defendant agreed, within a reasonable time, to safely carry twenty-eight head of mares from Dannebrog, in the state of Nebraska, by way of St. Joseph and Grand Island, to Little Blue station, in Jackson county, in this state.

There was a trial of the cause, in which the plaintiffs had judgment and defendant appealed.

It was disclosed by the testimony of the plaintiff, Burkholder, that the contract sued on was in writing and had been executed in duplicate, one of which was indorsed “original” and was delivered to plaintiff; and the other indorsed “duplicate” was retained by the defendant. This witness testified that the original, which was delivered to him, was destroyed by the defendant, and another contract executed by both parties and then delivered to him. He further testified that this new contract did not correspond in its terms and provisions with that destroyed. The plaintiffs ignored the new contract and did not claim that their action was based on it, but on that destroyed. Without notice to the defendant requiring the production by it of the duplicate copy of the destroyed original, the court permitted said Burkholder to testify as to the contents of the latter contract.

The rule is that when an instrument is executed in duplicate, the loss of all the parts must be proved, in order to let in secondary evidence of the contents. 1 Greenl. Ev., sec. 558. And it must follow, as a necessary legal sequence, that where the original in custody of one of the litigating parties be destroyed, he can not give parol proof of its contents when the duplicate is in the possession of the other party, unless such other party refuses to produce it after proper notice for that purpose. 7 Am. and Eng. Encyclopedia, arts. 71, 72, pp. 87, 88. These two papers were of equal dignity. Each was primary evidence, and until the loss or destruction of both was shown, their contents could not be proved by secondary evidence.

During the progress of the trial the defendant introduced what was conceded to be the duplicate copy of the destroyed original contract, and also a copy of' the new original — the latter having been furnished by defendant. The recitals in the two instruments were precisely alike in every particular. The only variation was in the indorsements on the back thereof. That on the duplicate read: “For one car horses from Dannebrog, Neb., to So. Omaha. Date Sept. 24, 1889;” while that on the new original .read: “For one car-horses from Dannebrog, Neb., to Kansas City, Mo. Date Sept. 24, 1889.” These indorsements were no-part of the contract and cut no figure whatever in the controversy. It was provided in both that the defendants had “received from plaintiff Burkholder one car of horses, to be transported from Dannebrog Station to Kansas City, Mo., station.” In neither was there any undertaking by defendant to-transport the plaintiffs nearer to “Little Blue” station, in Jackson county, in this state. It is true that the-plaintiffs informed the defendant’s agent that they wished to transport their mares from Dannebrog station to that at Little Blue, but it appears from the contract that the defendant did not agree to transport, plaintiffs’ mares further than Kansas City.

After it was disclosed by the testimony that the-defendant was in possession of the duplicate of the-destroyed original contract, the court should not have let in further secondary evidence of its contents, but: should have directed that already received to he excluded from the consideration of the jury.

Laying aside the evidence just referred to, and which we think should have been rejected, and that remaining is insufficient to establish a prima facie case for plaintiffs, under the allegations of their petition. The allegation that defendant agreed to transport plaintiffs’ mares from Dannebrog station to that at Little Blue instead of being proved, is disproved by the written contract.

It is conceded by the plaintiffs that their third instruction, which directed the allowance of interest by the jury, was erroneous.

The instruction given by the court of its own motion was not authorized by the pleadings, but should the plaintiffs amend their petition by correctly alleging the contract, we see no reason why such an instruction may not, with entire propriety, be given at another trial.

It is needless to say that the plaintiffs’ first and second instructions, while within the limits of the allegations of the petition, were not supported by any legitimate evidence, and should not be given in their present form, if the cause should be tried again.

It results that the judgment must be reversed and. cause remanded.

All concur.