108 N.E. 686 | NY | 1915
The petitioner is a member of the bar. He was retained by the United States Restaurant and Realty Company as its general counsel at a salary of $5,000 a year, payable semi-yearly. In February, 1910, there was due to him under this retainer a balance of $3,096.92. The client then terminated the general employment and selected other counsel. The petitioner declined to surrender his papers unless the arrears of salary were *364 paid. In this he acted within his rights. At the client's request, however, he tried an action then upon the calendar, and recovered a judgment against one Schulte for $4,176.64. For this he was to be paid whatever the service was worth. The client then made an assignment for the benefit of creditors. The assignee was substituted as plaintiff, and another lawyer was substituted as attorney, without prejudice, however, to the petitioner's right to enforce his lien, if any there was found to be. After appeals, first to the Appellate Division and then to this court, the judgment was affirmed.
This proceeding was thereupon begun by the petitioner to determine the extent of his lien on the proceeds of the judgment. The value of the services rendered in the trial of the action against Schulte, after the general employment was ended, has been fixed by the Appellate Division at $500. That the petitioner has a lien to this extent is conceded. The question is whether he has a lien for the unpaid balance of his salary. The services under the general retainer included many matters other than theSchulte case. They included many matters having no relation to any lawsuit. All services alike were to be paid for by this salary; and the order under review makes the entire balance of salary a lien upon the judgment.
We think that this is an unwarranted extension of the scope of an attorney's lien. At common law, the liens available to an attorney were of two kinds. There was a retaining lien on all papers, securities or moneys belonging to his client which came into his possession in the course of his professional employment. (Bowling Green Savings Bank v. Todd,
Neither at common law nor to-day does such a lien embrace a claim for unpaid salary. Meritorious the petitioner's services doubtless were. They cannot, however, be made a charge upon the judgment. In serving under his general retainer, he was in the same position as *366 any other salaried employee. He was to receive $5,000 a year, payable semi-annually. In return, he was to do anything and everything in the line of a lawyer's work that his client might require. It was a mere accident that part of his work included a lawsuit in which the client was a plaintiff. He would have earned his pay just the same if he had done office work exclusively. He might indeed have earned it though he had done nothing at all. In point of fact, the work that he did in the Schulte case, while the general retainer was in force, must have been insignificant in amount. We think it cannot be made use of as an excuse for charging the entire salary on the proceeds of the judgment.
The charging lien of an attorney has been likened to the lien of an artisan or mechanic. But even the lien of an artisan or mechanic will be lost if the terms of payment are inconsistent with its existence. (Chase v. Westmore, 5 M. S. 186.) If the work is done, not on the credit of the thing itself, but solely on the credit of the owner, there is a waiver of the lien. Such a waiver will result, for illustration, where the agreement is that the thing shall be first returned and payment made thereafter. It was pointed out by Lord ELLENBOROUGH in Chase v.Westmore (supra) that this has long been the law. We are referred by him to the Year-Book, Easter Term, 5 Edw. 4, fol. 2 b: "Note, also, by Haydon, that an hosteler may detain a horse, if the master will not pay him for his eating. The same law is, if a tailor make for me a gown, he may keep the gown until he is paid for his labour. And the same law is, if I buy of you a horse for 20s., you may keep the horse until I pay you the 20s.; but if I am to pay you at Michaelmas next ensuing, here you shall not keep the horse until you are paid." The same rule has been followed in this court. In Wiles Laundering Co. v. Hahlo
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We think the petitioner's contract is inconsistent with an intent that he should be protected by a charging lien upon the fruits of the judgment. "The facts of the case must be looked at to see whether the solicitor has taken a security incompatible with the existence of his lien, or has made with his client an arrangement which sufficiently indicates the intention of the parties that the right shall no longer be enforced." (Matter ofMorris, L.R. [1908] 1 K.B. 473, 479; Bank of Africa v.Salisbury Gold Mining Co., L.R. [1892] A.C. 281, 284. See alsoWest v. Bacon,
We think for these reasons that the lien for salary must fail. In reaching this conclusion, we give heed to the admonition of Lord ELLENBOROUGH in Wilson v. Kymer, (1 M. S. 157), repeated in McFarland v. Wheeler (26 Wend. 467), and again inGoodrich v. McDonald (supra, at p. 164), that "in case of lien, we should be anxious to tread cautiously, and on sure grounds, before we extend it beyond the limits of decided cases."
There has been no error in the appellant's practice in *369
bringing up for review an intermediate order of the Appellate Division. (N.Y., L. W. Ry. Co. v. Erie R.R. Co.,
The motion to dismiss the appeal in so far as it brings up for review the intermediate order of the Appellate Division, should be denied; and the final order of that court should be modified by subtracting from the lien awarded to the petitioner the sum of $3,096.92, with accrued interest thereon, and as so modified the order should be affirmed, with costs to the appellant in this court.
HISCOCK, CHASE, COLLIN, MILLER and SEABURY, JJ., concur; WILLARD BARTLETT, Ch. J., absent.
Ordered accordingly.