Massachusetts Broken Stone Co. v. Town of Weston

Jan 25, 2000

Versions:430 Mass. 637

Lynch, J.

We granted the application of Massachusetts Broken Stone Company and the AMA Funding Corp. (Broken Stone) for further appellate review to decide whethеr the zoning freeze pursuant to G. L. c. 40A, § 6, fifth par., applies to the land or to a particular subdivision plan. The Appeals Court held that a zoning freeze pursuant to G. L. c. 40A, § 6, fifth pаr., applied to the particular subdivision plan and reversed the decision of the Land Court. Massachusetts Broken Stone Co. v. Weston, 45 Mass. App. Ct. 748, 758-759 (1998). We affirm the decision of the Land Court.

1. Facts and procedural history. The facts are essentially undisputed. Broken Stone owns a seventy-four аcre parcel of land on Route 20 near the intersection of Route 128 in the town of Weston. A small part of the land is located in a nonresidential zone, while the rest is in an area zoned for residential usage. On January 7, 1986, Broken Stone filed a preliminary subdivision plan for commercial development. After disputes arose оver the development plan, Broken Stone and the town entered into an agreement in 1988 whereby the town agreed to reclassify Broken Stone’s property аs a business-zoned district and Broken Stone agreed to limit its development of the site to less than one-half of the density permitted by the zoning bylaw. In addition, in May, 1988, the town amended its zoning bylaw to accommodate the agreement (1988 zoning bylaw).

In April, 1989, Broken Stone filed a preliminary subdivision plan (1989 plan) for an office complex, consistent with the agreement. The filing triggered a zoning freeze pursuant to G. L. c. 40A, § 6, fifth par. In May, 1989, the town again amended its zoning bylaw requiring a special permit from the zoning board and site plan approval from the planning board on all substantive uses over 1,000 square feet of land zoned as a business district (1989 zoning bylaw).

Broken Stone’s 1989 preliminary plan was disapprоved by the planning board on June 6, 1989. It timely submitted a definitive subdivision plan for the site which also was disapproved. On March 5, 1990, Broken Stone timely appealed from the disaрproval of its definitive plan to the Land Court. Pursuant to G. L. c. 40A, § 6, seventh par., the appeal extended ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍the existing zoning freeze.3

Because of an economic downturn that affected the real estate market, Broken Stone put its plan to develop its land on hold. However, by August, 1994, Broken Stone held informal meetings with the town’s planning board to discuss proposals for development of the site. On June 30, 1995, Broken Stone submitted a new site plan application to the zoning board of appeals (1995 plan). Unlike its 1989 plan which had proposed a subdivision of the land, the 1995 proposal was for a 359,000 square foot office building.

The town told Broken Stone that, because the 1995 plan was not a subdivision plan, the town considered it different from the 1989 plan, that the zoning freeze did not apply, and that its 1995 plan was governed by the 1989 zoning bylaw. Broken Stоne maintained that the 1995 plan was governed by the 1988 zoning bylaw, which was frozen when it filed its 1989 plan. Broken Stone filed suit against the town in the Land Court.4 The Land Court, inter aha, ruled that a zоning law freeze pursuant to G. L. c. 40A, § 6, was triggered by Broken Stone’s 1989 preüminary plan and remained in effect while Broken Stone appealed from the denial of its definitive рlan, and that the 1988 zoning bylaw governed the 1995 plan. The town appealed. The Appeals Court reversed the Land Court’s decision regarding the zoning freeze. The Appeals Court concluded that the freeze only applied to the 1989 subdivision plan. We now affirm the decision of the Land Court.

2. Discussion. In reaching our conclusion we rely on the language of G. L. c. 40A, § 6, fifth par., the plain purpose of the stаtute, and our prior decisions, especially Heritage Park Dev. Corp. v. Southbridge, 424 Mass. 71 (1997).

General Laws c. 40A, § 6, fifth par., states, in pertinent part:

“If a definitive plan, or a preliminary plan followed within seven months by a definitive plan, is submitted to a planning board for аpproval under the subdivision control law, and written notice of such submission has been given to the city or town clerk before the effective date of ordinancе or by-law, the land shown on such plan shall be governed by the applicable provisions of the zoning ordinance or by-law, if any, in effect at the time of the first such submission while such plan or plans are being processed under the ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍subdivision control law, and, if such definitive plan or an amendment thereof is finally approved, for eight years from the date of the endorsement of such approval . . .” (emphasis added).

We reject the town’s argument that the words “land shown on the plan” mean the freeze provision covers оnly the subdivision plan submitted and ultimately approved. Where the language of a statute is clear, courts must give effect to its plain and ordinary meaning and the courts nеed not look beyond the words of the statute .itself. See LeClair v. Norwell, ante 328, 335 (1999) (“When statutory language is clear and unambiguous it must be construed as written”), citing Pyle v. School Comm, of S. Hadley, 423 Mass, 283, 286 (1996); Victor V. v. Commonwealth, 423 Mass. 793, 794 (1996); Leary v. Contributory Retirement Appeal Bd., 421 Mass. 344, 345 (1995); Bron-stein v. Prudential Ins. Co., 390 Mass. 701, 704 (1984). Here the words “the land shown” are clеar and unambiguous. The Legislature did not say subdivision shown or lot shown, it said “land shown.”

It is true, as the town claims, that in previous decisions, we have applied the zoning freeze to subdivisiоn plans. See Heritage Park Dev. Corp. v. Southbridge, supra at 75-76; Green v. Board of Appeal of Norwood, 358 Mass. 253 (1970); McCarthy v. Board of Appeals of Ashland, 354 Mass. 660 (1968); Doliner v. Planning Bd. ofMillis, 349 Mass. 691 (1965); Roland Lavoie Constr. Co. v. Building Inspector of Ludlow, 346 Mass. 274 (1963). However, because the issue was not before us, we reject the town’s argument that those cases stand for the proposition that the zoning freеze applies only to subdivision plans. Such an interpretation is inconsistent not only with the plain language of the statute but also with its legislative purpose.5

We have oрined that the intent of the statute was to protect landowners and developers “from ‘the practice in some communities of adopting onerous amendmеnts to the zoning ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍by-law after submission of a preliminary plan which is opposed by segments within the community.’ ” Heritage Park Dev. Corp. v. Southbridge, supra at 76, quoting 1972 House Doc. No. 5009, at 38, Report of the Department of Community Affаirs Relative to Proposed Changes and Additions to the Zoning Enabling Act. See Nyquist v. Board of Appeals of Acton, 359 Mass. 462, 465 (1971) (Legislature intends to protect developers); McCarthy v. Board of Appeals of Ashland, supra at 663 (Legislature’s intent is to protect developers as well as inhabitants of municipality). The Lеgislature’s concern over developers’ rights is evidenced by the fact that, over time, the Legislature has increased the number of years the zoning freeze remains in effect from three, to five, to seven, and then to the current eight-year period. Heritage Park Dev. Corp. v. Southbridge, supra at 76, citing Doliner v. Planning Bd. of Millis, supra at 694-695 & n.3.6

Our opinions have consistently sought to implement that legislative intent. In Heritage Park Dev. Corp. v. Southbridge, supra at 75, we concluded that a zoning freeze under G. L. c. 40A, § 6, vested despite the fact that the developer’s original plan was automatically rescinded pursuant to a contractual agreement between the develoрer and the Southbridge planning board.7 We stated that the zoning freeze vested when Heritage Park filed its first subdivision plan and remained in effect even though the rescission meаnt that Heritage Park had to submit a new subdivision plan. We noted that it would be anomalous to have found otherwise given that, under G. L. c. 40A, § 6, ninth par., an amendment to a subdivision plan doеs not constitute a waiver. Id. at 75-76 n.6. We also cited with approval Appeals Court decisions holding that developers can invoke a zoning freeze with inconsistеnt subdivision filings or with plans ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍filed with no intent other than to invoke the freeze. Id. at 76, citing Long v. Board of Appeals of Falmouth, 32 Mass. App. Ct. 232, 233 (1992), and Patelle v. Planning Bd. of Woburn, 20 Mass. App. Ct. 279, 284 (1985).

In Nyquist v. Board of Appeals of Acton, supra at 464-465, which arose under G. L. c. 40A, § 7A (predecessor to the present statute), we concluded that the language of § 7A was cleаr and unambiguous and that the “use of the land” provision under § 7A protected building permits because the words offer broad protection and cannot be restricted. See Bellows Farms, Inc. v. Building Inspector of Acton, 364 Mass. 253, 260 (1973).

We, therefore, conclude that G. L. c. 40A, § 6, fifth par., applies to the land.

Judgment affirmed.

Notes

The case lay dormant until 1996 when the Land Court allowed Broken Stone’s motion for summary judgment on the planning board’s disapproval of the site and the Appeals Court upheld the decision. See Massachusetts Broken Stone Co. v. Planning Bd. of Weston, 45 Mass. App. Ct. 738, 747 (1998).

Broken Stone and the town, in their lawsuits and appeals, have raised other issues that are not before us.

The Appeals Court’s interрretation of cases was similar to the town’s. See Massachusetts Broken Stone Co. v. Weston, 45 Mass. App. Ct. 748, 757 (1998), discussing Paul Livoli, Inc. v. Planning Bd. of Marlborough, 347 Mass. 330, 335 (1964) (where planning board disapproves preliminary subdivision plan, it cannot refuse to accept definitivе plan filed within seven-month statutory deadline), and Arenstam v. Planning Bd. of Tyngsborough, 29 Mass. App. Ct. 314, 317 (1990) (where developer submitted amended definitive plan after first definitive plan was legitimately ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍disapproved, and sevеn-month statutory deadline passed, zoning freeze does not apply).

We do not agree with the town’s assertion that the sole public purpose of the statute is tо allow a landowner the right to develop an approved subdivision within a reasonable period of time.

In Heritage Park Dev. Corp. v. Southbridge, 424 Mass. 71, 72 (1997), the developer’s contract stated that, if the dеveloper did not complete necessary groundwork before a certain date, the planning board’s approval would be rescinded automatically.