Maryland Casualty Co. v. Citizens' Nat. Bank of Los Angeles

8 F.2d 216 | 9th Cir. | 1925

RUDKIN, Circuit Judge.

In the latter part of 1919 the California Cotton & Factorage Company was organized as a corporation, and thereafter engaged in the business of buying, selling, handling, and dealing in cotton and cotton by-products. Under the by-laws of the company, the- secretary was vested with absolute and unrestricted power and authority to enter into, any and all contracts and agreements, and to perform any and all acts and things necessary in carrying out and fulfilling the purposes and business of the corporation. One pears was appointed secretary, and continued in that capacity until his death on May 3, 1921. Upon his appointment as secretary, the Maryland Casualty Company executed a fidelity bond wherein it agreed to reimburse the employer “for any loss, not exceeding $50,-000 of money, securities, or ether personal property (including that for which the employer may be responsible to others),, which the employer shall have sustained by reason of any act or acts of fraud, dishonesty, forgery, embezzlement, wrongful abstraction, or willful misapplication on the part of the employee, while in the performance of his duties as secretary in the service of said employer and occurring during the continuance of this bond.”

During the incumbency of Sears as secretary, and during the continuance of the fidelity bond, the Citizens’ National Bank of Los Angeles received drafts, drawn on the cotton company to the number of 87, amounting to the sum of $82,487.96 in all. Attached to these drafts were 1,476 warehouse receipts for that number of bales of cotton. The warehouse receipts were indorsed in blank by the parties to whom issued, and were negotiable in form and transferable by delivery. The bank presented the drafts to the cotton company, and, upon their acceptance by the secretary, remitted and paid to the persons presenting them their face value. Later Sears procured the warehouse receipts from, the bank and substituted in their place trust -receipts which acknowledged the receipt of the warehouse receipts a.nd recited that the purpose in so doing was to secure outbound documents therefor, which would he returned to- the bank upon cancellation of the trust receipts. The secretary then took the warehouse receipts, shipped the cotton represented thereby, and received the bills of lading in their place. But, instead of delivering the bills of lading to thef bank, as agreed, he collected drafts attached to the bills of lading and deposited the proceeds in the bank to- the credit of the cotton company. The deception thus practiced on the bank was at all times concealed from the officers of. the cotton company, and the secretary at all times represented to such officers that the money on deposit in the bank represented the profits made in the conduct of the business of the cotton company. As soon as the deception was discovered by the officers of the cotton company, the secretary committed suicide, and a claim for reimbursement was made on the casualty company. It further appears from the complaint that the moneys received by the secretary through these machinations wore applied by Mm in payment and satisfaction of divers and sundry claims for merchandise and supplies furnished, and for labor and services rendered to the cotton company, and other claims and demands against it, not including, however, in whole or in part, the claim of the bank. Snob, in brief, was tbe ease made by tbe complaint, aside from averments that • tbe acts of tbe secretary were fraudulent, dishonest, wrongful, and willful. Tbe action was prosecuted by the bank, as assignee of tbe cotton company.

A demurrer to tbe complaint was overruled, and later tbe issues presented by complaint and answer. were tried by tbe court, without tbe intervention of a jury, by written stipulation of tbe parties. Special findings of fact were made, and on March 9, 1925, a final judgment was entered in favor of tbe plaintiff. March 14, 1925, upon stipulation of counsel for tbe parties, and at tbe instance of counsel for tbe defendant, tbe court made an order extending and enlarging the time within whicb to prepare and file a proposed bill of ex-' eeptions to and including April 15, 1925. April 14, 1925, a like order was made, under like circumstances, extending and enlarging tbe time to and including May 15, 1925. May 15, 1925, a third order was made, under like circumstances, extending and enlarging tbe time to and including ‘June 15, 1925. June 8, 1925, tbe proposed bill of exceptions was served on counsel for tbe plaintiff, and was lodged with tbe clerk of the court two days later. June 9, 1925, by stipulation of Counsel, and at tbe instance of counsel for tbe plaintiff, tbe time for proposing amendments to tbe proposed bill of exceptions was extended to and including July 9, 1925. July 8, 1925, tbe proposed amendments were filed and lodged with tbe clerk. In tbe meantime, on July 6, 1925, the writ of error was allowed. The term of court, at which the final judgment was entered, expired by limitation on Sunday, July 12, 1925, and no order was made at any time extending or enlarging the term for the purpose of settling the bill of exceptions, or otherwise. On July 22, 1925, counsel for plaintiff notified counsel for defendant that 'the time for settling the bffl of exceptions had expired, and thereafter objected to its settlement or aEowance for tbe same reason. But, notwithstanding this objection, tbe court below settled and aEowed tbe bill of exceptions on July 29, 1925, after tbe expiration of the term.

On the foregoing faets, the defendant in error has moved this court to strike the bEl of exceptions because not aEowed or certified within tbe term of court at which tbe final judgment was entered, or within any extension thereof. This motion must be granted.

In Michigan Insurance Bank v. Eldred, 143 U. S. 293, 298, 12 S. Ct. 450, 452 (36 L. Ed. 162), the court said:

“By tbe uniform course of decision, no exceptions to rulings at a trial can be considered by this court, unless they were taken at tbe trial, and were also embodied in a formal biE of exceptions presented to tbe judge at tbe same term, or within a further time aEowed by order entered at that term, or by standing rule of court, or by consent of parties; and, save under very extraordinary circumstances, they must be aEowed by tbe judge and filed with tbe clerk during the same term. After tbe term has expired, without tbe court’s control over tbe case being reserved by standing rule or special order, and especiaEy after a writ of error has been entered in this court, aE authority of tbe court below to aEow a biE of exceptions' then first presented, or to alter or amend a bill of exceptions already aEowed and filed, is at an end.”

In O’Connell v. United States, 253 U. S. 142, 40 S. Ct. 444, 64 L. Ed. 827, tbe court bad extended tbe time for settling tbe biE of exceptions by special order untE December 15, 1917, but tbe bEl of exceptions was not in fact certified until a later date, and, in refusing to consider tbe biE of exceptions, the Supreme Court said:

“We think tbe power of tbe trial court over tbe cause expired not later than tbe 15th of December, 1917, and any proceedings concerning settlement of a biE thereafter were coram non judiee. We'may not, therefore, consider the biE copied in the record.”

Again, in Exporters v. Butterworth-Judson Co., 258 U. S. 365, 42 S. Ct. 331, 66 L. Ed. 663, the court said:

“The policy of the law requires that Htigation he terminated within a reasonable time and not protracted at the mere option of the parties. * * * We think the better rule and the one supported by former opinions of this court requires that bEls of exceptions shaE be signed before the trial court loses jurisdiction of the cause by expiration of tbe term or sneb time thereafter as may have been duly prescribed.”

More than four months elapsed between the entry of the final judgment and the expiration of the term at which the judgment was rendered. This was more than ample time for the preparation and settlement of a biE of exceptions. Tbe delay was caused by courtesy of counsel and not by very . extraordinary circumstances over which the plaintiff in error had no control. Indeed, the circumstances which prevented the settlement of the hill of exceptions within the time allowed by law were but commonplace and very ordinary. Tho bill of exceptions must therefore be disregarded, and this leaves for consideration only the sufficiency of the complaint, and the sufficiency of the special findings to support the judgment.' While these questions are raised by the assignments of error, unfortunately tho assignments are discussed in the brief in connection with other assignments which depend upon the bill of exceptions, and wc are left somewhat in the dark as to the particular objections urged against the complaint and findings alone. The chief objection seems to be, however, that there was no loss to the employer, since all moneys received by the secretary through tho conversion of the warehouse receipts were used by Mm in discharging other obligations of his employer. If the moneys were nsed in the discharge of then present and existing obliga^ tions of tho employer, there would be much force in this contention. But they were not so used. They were in fact used to discharge obligations thereafter incurred by tho secretary, and which never would have been so incurred were it not for the fraud and deception practiced by him.

Tho court below found, in substance, that Sears continued to act as secretary, after the receipt of tho moneys derived from tho conversion of tho warehouse receipts, and used the moneys so received for the purpose of dealing and speculating in cotton in the name of his employer; that such dealings and speculation were carried on at a loss; that the losses so incurred were paid out of the moneys so received; that, relying upon the false and fraudulent representations of the secretary, the cotton company and its officers continued the business in which the cotton company was engaged, and continued thereafter to employ Sears as secretary; and that the cotton company and its officers would not have continued in business and would not have permitted Sears to continue to act as secretary, if the cotton company and its officers, other than Sears, had knowledge of the fraud and deception practiced upon them.

.In the face of these findings, it cannot be seriously contended that the fraud of the secretary did not result in substantial loss to the cotton company.

The complaint and findings amply support the judgment, and the judgment is accordingly affirmed.