581 P.2d 248 | Ariz. Ct. App. | 1978
Antonio O. MARTINEZ, Appellant,
v.
UNITED STATES FIDELITY & GUARANTY CO., a corporation, Appellee.
Court of Appeals of Arizona, Division 2.
Miller, Pitt & Feldman, P.C. by Stanley G. Feldman, Hirsh & Shiner, P.C. by James A. Shiner, Tucson, for appellant.
Everett, Bury & Moeller, P.C. by David C. Bury, Tucson, for appellee.
OPINION
RICHMOND, Chief Judge.
The issue in this case is whether the "cross employee" exclusion in an automobile liability insurance policy violates the Arizona Financial Responsibility Act. The trial court found that it does not, and entered summary judgment for the insurer. We agree and affirm.
Appellant Antonio O. Martinez was awarded damages for personal injuries in an action against the personal representative of Harold Brasfield arising out of an accident that occurred while Martinez and Brasfield were acting within the scope and course of their common employment. Martinez was a passenger and Brasfield the driver of an automobile owned by their employer, William J. Flanagan, doing business as Bill Flanagan Motors. After entry of the personal injury judgment, Martinez commenced an action for declaratory judgment against United States Fidelity & Guaranty Company (USF&G) as insurer and Flanagan as the named insured on a comprehensive general liability policy including garage liability insurance, seeking a determination that the policy covered Brasfield's operation of the vehicle at the time of the accident. Portions of the policy pertaining to the "automobile hazard" include:
"The Company will pay on behalf of the Insured all sums which the Insured shall become legally obligated to pay as damages because of ... bodily injury . .. to which this insurance applies....
* * * * * *
"Exclusions:
*404 "This insurance does not apply under the Garage Liability Coverages:
* * * * * *
"(d) to bodily injury to any employee of the Insured arising out of and in the course of his employment by the Insured...."
Under its definition of "PERSONS INSURED" the policy provides further:
"None of the following is an Insured:
"(i) any person while engaged in the business of his employer with respect to bodily injury to any fellow employee of such person injured in the course of his employment."
The parties agree that neither the exclusion nor restriction on the definition of persons insured (both being in violation of the omnibus clause of the Arizona Financial Responsibility Act, A.R.S. § 28-1170, subsec. B. 2.) is effective unless authorized by A.R.S. § 28-1170, subsec. E., which provides:
"The motor vehicle liability policy need not insure liability under any workmen's compensation law nor liability on account of bodily injury to or death of an employee of the insured while engaged in the employment, * * * of the insured, * * *."
Martinez concedes that a "cross employee" exclusion similar in all material respects to the exclusion in the USF&G policy was held effective in Limon v. Farmers Insurance Exchange, 11 Ariz. App. 459, 465 P.2d 596 (1970), but contends that Limon was overruled by the supreme court in Farmers Insurance Group v. Home Indemnity Co., 108 Ariz. 126, 493 P.2d 909 (1972), construing the same exclusion. Our reading of the latter opinion compels a contrary conclusion. After holding that the exclusion could not be applied to the permissive insured for the injury or death of an employee of the owner insured, the court said:
"* * * The construction we here place upon the policy permits an owner having workmen's compensation to contract for automobile liability insurance which excludes his employees. He thereby obtains the benefit of a lower premium, but his policy still conforms fully to the purpose of the Financial Responsibility Act." 108 Ariz. at 129, 493 P.2d at 912.
The foregoing can only be read as approval of the "cross employee" exclusion under the facts of this case. An owner "having workmen's compensation" would have no liability for damages at common law for injury or death of an employee. A.R.S. § 23-906. The only way he could obtain the benefit of a lower premium by contracting for automobile liability insurance which excludes his employees, therefore, is by use of the "cross employee" exclusion, relying on workmen's compensation to satisfy the purpose of the Financial Responsibility Act.
That is the situation in the instant case. It was established by request for admission, 16 A.R.S. Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 36, that Martinez had applied for and received workmen's compensation benefits under a workmen's compensation policy issued to or applicable to Flanagan.
Although we hold the exclusion valid, and affirm on that basis, we nevertheless believe the restrictive definition of insured in the USF&G policy is void as in contravention of the Financial Responsibility Act. There is a significant difference between excluding coverage for injuries to a person for whom another remedy has been provided, and an attempt to exclude certain persons as insureds under the policy. It is that distinction, which is recognized in both Limon, supra, and Farmers Insurance Group v. Home Indemnity Co., supra, that makes those cases reconcilable.
Affirmed.
HOWARD and HATHAWAY, JJ., concur.
