169 S.W.3d 488 | Tex. App. | 2005
Marta MARTINEZ, Appellant,
v.
CITY OF EL PASO, Appellee.
Court of Appeals of Texas, El Paso.
*490 Marta Martinez, El Paso, pro se.
Michele Little Locke, Asst. City Attorney, El Paso, for Appellee.
Before BARAJAS, C.J.; PARKS, and ABLES (sitting by assignment), JJ.
OPINION
RICHARD BARAJAS, Chief Justice.
This is an appeal from the trial court's granting of a plea to the jurisdiction filed by Appellee against Appellant filed in connection with a challenge to an order of condemnation issued by Appellee against property owned by Appellant. For the reasons stated herein, we affirm.
I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
The substantive facts in this case are not disputed. Appellant, Marta Martinez, is the owner of a residence located at 3718 Wickham Avenue in El Paso, Texas. After a fire on the premises in July of 1999, the property was declared unsafe and the condemnation process was begun. A series of hearings were held before the City Council. Appellant appeared before the City Council and requested additional time to complete repairs, asserting that she intended to rehabilitate the property. Finally, on August 12, 2003, the property was condemned and ordered demolished within 30 days.
Appellant, appearing pro se, filed this lawsuit on June 17, 2003, under the nomenclature of a "Petition for Bill of Review" and asserting various claims ostensibly related to the condemnation proceeding, including negligence, undue influence, civil rights violations, duress, and unconscionable conduct notably before the actual order of condemnation was entered by the El Paso City Council. Appellee filed a plea to the jurisdiction based upon the pleadings. A hearing was held and the trial court granted Appellee's plea to the jurisdiction. Appellant filed a notice of appeal and a brief asserting three issues.
*491 II. ISSUES ON APPEAL
In three issues on appeal, Appellant challenges the court's granting of the Appellee's plea to the jurisdiction. Issue No. One appears to complain of Appellee's failure to allow Appellant to start construction on her homestead. Issue No. Two appears to complain of the Appellee's actions as a violation of Appellant's constitutional rights. Issue No. Three complains of Appellee's actions by stating, "Defendants, City of El Paso, et al. Employees of Building Services over utilized their power within Color of Authority; Color of Office; and Color of Title on October 1, 2003 whereas Appellant calls `Physical Raid' or Legally Term Search & Seizure with two El Paso Police Officers; one El Paso Detective and several bulldozers with `NO EMERGENCY' status of `Condemnation of Property' was established by the defendants within Article 1107 [1003][548] § 3[sic]." (Emphasis Appellant's).
A. Waiver
Initially, we note that Appellant's issues are minimally briefed and do not properly preserve error for review by this Court. Appellant's issues do not direct this Court's attention to any specific error on which she bases her complaint. See Tex.R.App. P. 38.1(e). A complaint on appeal must address specific errors and not merely attack the trial court's order in general terms. McGuire v. McGuire, 4 S.W.3d 382, 385 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.); Hollifield v. Hollifield, 925 S.W.2d 153, 155 (Tex.App.-Austin 1996, no writ). The argument does not cite to any cases which support an appellate argument, though copies of three cases addressing unrelated issues are attached in the appendix. See Tex.R.App. P. 38.1(h); Stephens v. Dolcefino, 126 S.W.3d 120, 125-26 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2003, pet. denied); Franz v. Katy Indep. Sch. Dist., 35 S.W.3d 749, 755 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2000, no pet.).
The brief "must contain a succinct, clear, and accurate statement of the arguments made in the body of the brief." Tex.R.App. P. 38.1(g). Rule 38 requires Appellant to provide us with such discussion of the facts and the authorities relied upon as may be requisite to maintain the point at issue. See Tesoro Petroleum Corp. v. Nabors Drilling USA, Inc., 106 S.W.3d 118, 128 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, pet. denied); Franklin v. Enserch, Inc., 961 S.W.2d 704, 711 (Tex.App.-Amarillo 1998, no pet.). This is not done by merely uttering brief conclusory statements, unsupported by legal citations. Tesoro Petroleum Corp., 106 S.W.3d at 128. By presenting such attenuated, unsupported argument, Appellant waives her complaints and we overrule Issue Nos. One, Two, and Three.
Further, having determined that all Appellant's issues should be overruled, we note, considering the merits, we also affirm the trial court's decision.
B. Plea to the Jurisdiction
A plea to the jurisdiction is a dilatory plea by which a party contests the trial court's authority to determine the subject matter of the cause of action. Texas Dept. of Transp. v. Arzate, 159 S.W.3d 188, 190 (Tex.App.-El Paso 2004, no pet.); City of Saginaw v. Carter, 996 S.W.2d 1, 2 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth 1999, pet dism'd w.o.j.); State v. Benavides, 772 S.W.2d 271, 273 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi 1989, writ denied). The plaintiff has the burden to allege facts affirmatively demonstrating that the trial court has subject matter jurisdiction. Arzate, 159 S.W.3d at 190; Texas Ass'n of Bus. v. Texas Air Control Bd., 852 S.W.2d 440, 446 (Tex.1993); City of Saginaw, 996 S.W.2d at 2. In the context of suit against a governmental unit, *492 the plaintiff must allege consent to suit either by reference to statute or express legislative permission. Arzate, 159 S.W.3d at 190; Texas Dep't of Transp. v. Jones, 8 S.W.3d 636, 638 (Tex.1999); Missouri Pac. R. Co. v. Brownsville Navigation Dist., 453 S.W.2d 812, 813-14 (Tex.1970); Texas Parks & Wildlife Dep't v. Garrett Place, Inc., 972 S.W.2d 140, 143 (Tex.App.-Dallas 1998, no pet.).
C. Standard of Review
Subject matter jurisdiction is a legal question which we review de novo. Arzate, 159 S.W.3d at 190; City of Saginaw, 996 S.W.2d at 2; Texas Dep't of Health v. Doe, 994 S.W.2d 890, 892 (Tex.App.-Austin 1999, pet. dism'd by agr.). We look solely to the allegations in the petition and accept them as true. Arzate, 159 S.W.3d at 190; see City of Saginaw, 996 S.W.2d at 2-3; Firemen's Ins. Co. of Newark, N.J. v. Board of Regents of University of Texas System, 909 S.W.2d 540, 541 (Tex.App.-Austin 1995, writ denied). We do not examine the merits of the case. Arzate, 159 S.W.3d at 190; see City of Saginaw, 996 S.W.2d at 3. If the petition does not allege jurisdictional facts, the plaintiff's suit is subject to dismissal only when it is impossible to amend the pleadings to confer jurisdiction. Arzate, 159 S.W.3d at 190; City of Saginaw, 996 S.W.2d at 3; see Texas Ass'n of Bus., 852 S.W.2d at 446; Liberty Mut. Ins. Co.v. Sharp, 874 S.W.2d 736, 739 (Tex.App.-Austin 1994, writ denied).
D. Review of Condemnation Action
Section 214.0012 makes clear that the appeal from an order of a municipality issued under the Local Government Code for condemnation or demolition of substandard and dangerous buildings is by writ of certiorari. Tex. Loc. Gov't Code Ann. § 214.0012(a), (b) (Vernon Supp.2004-05); Nussbaum v. City of Dallas, 948 S.W.2d 305, 308 (Tex.App.-Dallas 1996, no writ); J.B. Advertising, Inc. v. Sign Bd. of Appeals, 883 S.W.2d 443, 446 (Tex.App.-Eastland 1994, writ denied) (review under section 216.014 is by writ of certiorari). Section 214.0012(a) provides the requisites of the petition for writ of certiorari, which are that it be verified and that it "[set] forth that the decision is illegal, in whole or in part, and specifying the grounds of the illegality." Tex. Loc. Gov't Code Ann. § 214.0012(a); Nussbaum, 948 S.W.2d at 308. Section 214.0012(b) states that "[o]n the filing of the petition, the court may issue a writ of certiorari directed to the municipality . . . ." Id. § 214.0012(b); Nussbaum, 948 S.W.2d at 308.
Under section 214.0012, the procedure for obtaining review of an order of condemnation is by filing a verified petition in the district court alleging illegality and requesting the issuance of the writ of certiorari. Thus, the duty to request the issuance of a writ of certiorari is on the party aggrieved by the administrative order. Cf. Tex.R. Civ. P. 577 (application for writ of certiorari to justice court); Nussbaum, 948 S.W.2d at 308. In this case, Appellant is the party aggrieved by the administrative order. Appellant filed a document entitled a "Petition for Bill of Review," but she never filed a petition for writ of certiorari or in any way requested issuance of a writ of certiorari. Because Appellant never requested a writ of certiorari, the trial court never issued one. She has failed to comply with the statutory prerequisite to establish jurisdiction, consequently, jurisdiction cannot lie with this Court as a matter of law.
E. Substantial Evidence Review
The standard of review of the Appellee's order is the substantial evidence rule. See Tex. Loc. Gov't Code Ann. *493 § 214.0012(f) (Vernon Supp.2004-05). In reviewing an administrative action under the substantial evidence rule, the decision of the administrative agency is presumed valid and supported by substantial evidence. See Office of Pub. Util. Counsel v. Public Util. Comm'n, 895 S.W.2d 712, 714 (Tex.App.-Austin 1993), rev'd on other grounds, 878 S.W.2d 598 (Tex.1994). The party contesting the order has the burden of presenting sufficient evidence to prove otherwise. See id.
In this case, Appellant failed to file a petition for writ of certiorari or to request the issuance of a writ of certiorari to obtain the administrative record. With no evidence in the record showing the invalidity of the agency's order, we presume that it is valid and supported by substantial evidence. Nussbaum, 948 S.W.2d at 308. Appellant's contentions that the Appellee acted improperly in the administrative process leading up to the issuance of an order of condemnation lacks merit.
F. Allegations in Tort
We also conclude that the trial court properly granted the plea to the jurisdiction based on sovereign immunity. Appellant failed to comply with the statutory condition precedent which conferred proper subject matter jurisdiction to bringing suit for torts against a governmental entity. Generally, litigants are permitted to amend to cure pleading defects when the pleadings do not allege sufficient jurisdictional facts. See Texas Ass'n of Bus., 852 S.W.2d at 446; City of Midland v. Sullivan, 33 S.W.3d 1, 7 (Tex.App.-El Paso 2000, pet. dism'd w.o.j.). Here, there is no pleading defect; the pleadings and the evidence affirmatively show that all complaints presented concern the administrative decisions made by the City Council for the City of El Paso, for which the City retains immunity from suit, under Section 101.056 of the Texas Tort Claims Act. See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem.Code Ann. § 101.056(2) (Vernon 2005). The only complaints related to the condemnation process must have been brought pursuant to a properly filed writ of certiorari in compliance with the requirements of Texas Local Government Code Section 214.0012(a). The failure to do so is jurisdictional. Because it is impossible for Appellant to amend her pleadings to invoke jurisdiction, her suit must be dismissed. See City of Midland, 33 S.W.3d at 7.
Having overruled all of Appellant's issues on review, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.