Appellee brought an action to recover from appellant on a promissory note. Appellant counterclaimed, alleging negligent lending. The district court denied the counterclaim and entered partial summary judgment in favor of appellee. Having received scarcely a nibble from the district court, appellant casts the same bait into appellate waters. Sharing the district court’s measured distaste for red herring, we affirm in all respects.
I.ISSUES
Appellant, Bonnie Martinez (Martinez), states her issues:
I. Did the district court err in dismissing defendant’s [Martinez’s] counterclaim?
II. Did the district court err in adjudicating material facts concerning appellant’s default on the promissory note and finding no issues of material fact regarding the terms and conditions of the promissory note and mortgage and remedy provision contained therein?
Appellee, Associates Financial Services Company of Colorado, Inc. (Associates), restates the issues with a prefatory query:
I. Whether the appellant has filed a brief containing cogent argument and citations of authority sufficient to support reversal?
II. Whether the district court erred in dismissing defendant’s/appellant’s counterclaim?
III. Whether the district court erred in granting plaintiffs/appellee’s motion for summary judgment?
Definitive answers to the two shared issues should satisfy the curiosity articulated in Associates’ first issue.
II. FACTS
Martinez feels aggrieved by the district court’s dismissal of her negligent lending counterclaim, pursuant to W.R.C.P. 12(b)(6), for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted, and attacks the summary judgment subsequently entered against her. On the W.R.C.P. 12(b)(6) dismissal, we divine the “facts” by viewing Martinez’s pleadings with a liberality verging on charity, resolving any doubt in favor of her contentions.
Osborn v. Emporium Videos,
Thereafter, however, Martinez admits that she refused to make further payment on her
III. STANDARD OF REVIEW
Little additional ink need be spilled here about the jealousy with which we dispense approval of W.R.C.P. 12(b)(6) dismissals, past the declaration that dismissal of any claim is a “drastic” remedy which will only be sustained on appeal if “there is no doubt that the [appellant] cannot prove any set of facts that would entitle [her] to relief.”
Johnson v. Aetna Cas. & Sur. Co. of Hartford, Conn.,
We are not appreciably more generous in granting approbation to summary judgments.
Hozian v. Weathermon,
IV. DISMISSAL OF THE COUNTERCLAIM
The district court’s trenchant precis of Martinez’s counterclaim leaves little room for improvement:
“You [Associates] should have known better than to loan me [appellant] the $9,314.22 that I requested to borrow; therefore, I don’t need to pay you back and, instead, you can also give me all of the principal and interest (approximately $30,000) I’ve paid on my house mortgage.”
As the district court observed, a certain generosity of spirit is requisite to characterize the foregoing as a “legal theory,” although the words of the counterclaim suggest a putative issue of negligent lending. Martinez and Associates did business by mail and Martinez alleges that Associates, possessed of “superior knowledge,” failed to properly investigate Martinez before granting the loan in question. Martinez alleges a “fiduciary relationship” of which Associates “[knew] or should have known * ⅜ The counterclaim portrays Martinez’s loan applications as fraudulent in some fashion which, had Associates ferreted out, would have necessitated denial of the loan.
The extent of the relationship between Martinez and Associates, for purposes of this action, is defined and delimited by the promissory note. Such a contractual relationship between a lender and its customer traditionally imposes duties upon the lender “no higher than the morals of the market place.”
Rader v. Boyd,
Theory, however, suggests that lenders
may
incur extra-contractual duties to customers through conduct which creates a special or fiduciary relationship. John M. Burman,
Lender Liability in Wyoming,
26 Land and Water L.Rev. 707, 712 (1991). Although it freights some very specific kinds of legal rights and responsibilities, the concept of a fiduciary relationship is firmly grounded in equity.
Denison State Bank v. Madeira,
If, as Professor Burman believes, “the lender liability pendulum may now be swinging back toward lenders,” the instant case can do little to slow that momentum. Bur-man, supra, 26 Land & Water L.Rev. at 755. That does not necessarily reflect our lack of interest in the varied theories of lender liability. However, improvident pleadings run a close second to bad facts as leading makers of bad law and we refuse to be drawn down the garden path by the instant confluence of both.
Extra-contractual lender duties, if there are any, must necessarily be predicated upon demonstration of a special or fiduciary relationship. Burman,
supra,
26 Land & Water L.Rev. at 712-13, 718 & 730. Such a relationship is extraordinary and not easily created.
Gillum v. Republic Health Corp.,
At best, it is unseemly to beg for equitable relief based upon one’s own wrongdoing.
Wettlin v. Jones,
Of the two essential kinds of fiduciary relationships, the first arises from specific legal relationships. “In cases of trustee and beneficiary, principal and agent, and the like, the relations are essentially fiduciary, and the inference or presumption follows of course.”
Hoge v. George,
Courts of equity are not wont to artificially limit the factual scenarios which may give rise to those less clearly defined kinds of fiduciary relationships.
Children’s Home of Rockford v. Andress,
Few, if any, courts see prior dealings or a longstanding lender-borrower relationship, without more, as crossing the threshold for establishment of a fiduciary relationship, because the nexus “in a lender-borrower situation is a debtor-creditor relationship, and not a fiduciary relationship.”
Black Canyon Racquetball Club, Inc. v. Idaho First Nat. Bank, N.A.,
If the unilateral actions or beliefs of a party were sufficient to establish a fiduciary relationship, then Martinez should have been afforded the opportunity to try her case on the merits, no matter how far-fetched. What her pleadings lack, and what they make clear that no amendment can supply, is a knowing undertaking by Associates for the benefit of Martinez.
Committee on Children’s Television, Inc. v. General Foods Corp.,
The gravamen of Associates’ offense, according to the counterclaim, was that they conducted business by mail and failed to undertake even a cursory investigation of the claims made by Martinez in her application. Such “facts,” were they proven, would not admit of a fiduciary relationship so much as they would disprove any possibility thereof. One may not “unilaterally impose a fiduciary relationship on another without a conscious assumption of such duties by the one sought to be held liable as a fiduciary.”
Denison State Bank,
The liberality with which we construe pleadings in favor of the party against whom a W.R.C.P. 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss has been granted “does not go so far as to excuse omission of that which is material and necessary in order to entitle [one to] relief.”
Sump v. City of Sheridan,
Under such circumstances, the counterclaim is ripe for summary dismissal.
Mellen-camp v. Riva Music Ltd.,
V. SUMMARY JUDGMENT
Martinez’s answers to Associates’ amended complaint and first set of requests for admissions, read in concert with her sworn statements in deposition, fully inform the issue of summary judgment. She admits to having executed the promissory note in question and delivered that note to Associates with full knowledge of its default provisions. She admits to having received the proceeds of the loan reflected in that promissory note. Finally, she admits to having received a notice of right to cure default from Associates and, thereafter, refused “to make any additional payments on the alleged Promissory Note[.]”
When clear and unambiguous contracts are at issue, the question becomes whether the party seeking summary judgment is entitled to it as a matter of law.
Treemont, Inc. v. Hawley,
Associates carried their burden of establishing the elements of a contract and Martinez raises no dispute in that regard.
Prudential Preferred Properties v. J and J Ventures, Inc.,
Whether or not Martinez responded appropriately to Associates’ notice of right to cure default, she admits to having received that notice and, thereafter, refused to make further monthly payments in the sixteen months between the notice and the filing of the original complaint. Finally, Martinez does not dispute the affidavit of indebtedness filed by Associates.
When a party moving for summary judgment provides competent factual underpinnings therefor, the other party is obliged to move beyond mere allegations or denials by coming forward with affidavits or other proof to create a genuine issue for the court.
Dudley v. East Ridge Development Co.,
The opacity of Martinez’s argument concerning Associates’ non-participation in the prior foreclosure affords no impediment to resolution because her contentions do not “reach the dignity of proper citation of authority or cogent argument.”
Prazma v. Kaehne,
VI. CONCLUSION
We refuse to be drawn through the looking glass into a world where individual responsibility gives way to ill-conceived and poorly articulated notions of “victimization.” Having made a contract with Associates and received consideration therefor, Martinez cannot escape the consequences of her subsequent willful default.
The district court’s well reasoned dismissal of Martinez’s counterclaim and entry of partial summary judgment in favor of Associates are affirmed.
