Marshall v. Missouri State Life Insurance

148 Mo. App. 669 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1910

GOODE, J.

Action on a policy of life insurance issued by defendant company on tbe life of Edwin R. Steadman, dated October 12, 1905, whereby defendant promised to pay the executors, administrators or assigns of the assured, or such other beneficiary as he might designate in accordance with the terms of the policy, the sum of three thousand dollars on receipt of satisfactory proof of the death of the insured, or, if he was living and the policy in force October 12, 1925, to pay him said sum. The policy recited it was granted in consideration of the application for it, which was part of the contract, the payment of $145.80 premium for one year’s insurance, and the annual payment of said sum October 12th every year thereafter for twenty years or until the death of the insured. When he applied for the policy, the insured paid $95.80 on the first year’s premium and executed two notes for twenty-five dollars each, one to fall due in thirty days after its date, and the other in sixty days after, which money and notes were accepted by the company. The two notes were identical except as to dates of maturity, the first one reading as follows:

“$25.00 Company Form Note.

“East St. Louis, 10-11-1905.

“Interest. . . .

“Thirty days, without grace, after date, for value received, I promise to pay to the order of the Missouri State Life Insurance Company, Twenty-five Dollars, at . . . being in payment of part of the first annual premium on Policy Number 20,992, in said company. Said policy including all conditions therein for surrender or continuance as a paid-up term policy, shall without notice to any party or parties interested therein, be null and void on the failure to pay this note at maturity, with interest at six per cent per annum, payable annually.

“In case this note is not paid at maturity, the full amount of premium shall be considered earned as a premium during its currency and the note payable "without reviving the policy or any of its provisions. ■

“Postoffice address, East St. Louis, 111.

“Edwin R. Steadman.”

The policy declared it and the application together should constitute the entire contract which could “only be varied in writing at its home office in St. Louis by the president, vice-president or secretary of the company.” The policy further declared as follows: It should be incontestable after one year from the date of its issue, provided premiums were duly paid; after it had been in force a year, a grace of one month would be allowed in the payment of subsequent premiums; after three annual premiums had been paid with the policy in force, the company would loan on the security of it, at six per cent interest, its full loan value as shown in the table it contained, setting forth its value in different years; after three annual premiums had been paid, the company would give the insured the choice of three different options shown in the table, which we need not recite as they are not pertinent to the appeal. The application for the insurance was taken by the vice-president of the company October 11, 1905, and it was to the vice-president the insured executed the two notes for the part of the first premium. At maturity the notes were sent to a bank for collection; but the bank returned them unpaid. Steadman died July 24, 1906, and plaintiff was appointed administrator of his estate, in which capacity he instituted the present action. The defense set up in the ansAver is that the insured, at the time the poiicy was issued, executed to defendant the two notes Avhich declared they Avere in part payment of the first annual premium and that the policy should, without notice to any one, become null and void on failure to pay either of the notes at maturity; that a fruitless demand was made for the payment of them when they matured, and thereby the policy became void and was not in force when Steadman died. After denying in the reply the averments of the answer, plaintiff alleged that if defendant was entitled to have the policy forfeited for failure of the insured to pay either of the notes at maturity, it waived the right of forfeiture by its course of dealing with Steadman and by attempting to collect the notes. When the evidence was in, the court directed a verdict for defendant, which having been returned and judgment entered accordingly, this appeal was taken.

Plaintiff insists the stipulation in the premium notes that the policy should become null and void on failure to pay a note, and that, too, without notice to anybody interested, was no part of the contract between the insurance company and Steadman, for two reasons: First, because said stipulation was inconsistent with the terms of the policy itself, and second, because the policy provided it and the application should constitute the entire contract., It is conceded the notes were executed simultaneously with the policy, and as the notes refer to the policy, the several instruments constitute one transaction. Nothing is said in the policy about the notes being given for premiums, and likely, the form was prepared, with no thought of this being done, but in contemplation of the premium being paid in cash. Yet if these parties chose to enter into an arrangement for settlement of the first year’s premium partly in cash and partly in notes containing certain terms and provisos, it was competent for them to do so. And, in any event, we know of no rule of law which would prevent the stipulation in the notes from being as much a part of the contract between the parties as the stipulations in the policy. That is to say, as between the company and the insured; for it must be borne in mind no third party was designated as beneficiary, but the policy was made payable to the executor or administrator of the insured, and his administrator can have no enlarged right in the contract beyond what he himself took. Beyond question, the terms in the note became part of the terms of the contract between tbe parties, unless tbe stipulation in the policy, that tbe policy itself and tbe application should constitute tbe entire contract, compels another conclusion. This term of tbe policy was intended to prevent an alteration of its tenor and effect by any agreement made subsequent to tbe date of its issue, unless tbe agreement was assented to in writing at its home office by tbe president, vice-president or secretary of tbe company. The notes were contemporaneous with tbe instrument, and, moreover, were taken by tbe vice-president before tbe policy was issued, and were accepted, by tbe company, became binding on it, and we bold were binding also on tbe insured, notwithstanding tbe clause of tbe policy which said it and tbe application should constitute tbe entire contract. Keeping in mind tbe fact that tbe notes were presented and accepted as part of tbe contract, tbe meaning to be attributed to said clause of tbe policy, in order to bring it into harmony with tbe other stipulations, and especially those in tbe notes, is that it prohibited future alterations of tbe contract save in tbe mode prescribed. [Duncan v. Life Ins Co., 160 Fed. 646.]

It is further contended tbe stipulation in tbe notes, that tbe policy should become null and void if tbe notes were not paid at maturity, was not binding because it was repugnant to tbe policy itself, tbe terms of which must control. We find no essential repugnancy between tbe instruments, which must be so construed, if possible, as to give force to every term of each. Authorities are cited wherein it was declared a proviso in a premium note for a forfeiture of a policy if tbe note was not paid at maturity, tbe policy containing no such term, was ineffective, and would be disregarded in an action for tbe insurance money. [Union Central Life Ins. Co. v. Buxer, 62 Oh. St. 385; Dwelling House Ins. Co. v. Hardy, 37 Kas. 674; Fithian v. Ins. Co., 4 Mo. App. 386; Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. French, 30 Oh. St. 240.] In the first of those cases the provision for forfeiture in the note was held invalid as against the beneficiary named in the policy, who was the wife of the insured; but it was said the insured would be bound by the stipulation in the note as far as his rights were concerned. In the Kansas case the court held the note provided for a forfeiture “as provided in the policy,” and as the policy made no provision for a forfeiture for non-payment of the premium note, it should he held, construing the two instruments together, there was no stipulation for a forfeiture. In Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. French, the note said if it was not paid at maturity, the policy should be null and void, and the court held this proviso in the note gave the insurance company an option to declare a forfeiture or not, at its pleasure. In Fithian v. Ins. Co., the note said a failure to pay interest should forfeit the policy, whereas the policy itself provided that after a complete annual premium, had been paid, there could be no forfeiture. This court held the manifest intention of the parties to make the policy non-forfeitable after payment of the premium, would not be defeated by an inconsistent expression in a collateral instrument. The opinion said the whole theory and plan of insurance as developed in the policy, negatived the possi-> bility of total release of the company’s liability by failure of the insured to make remittances after he had paid one or more premiums. The contract at bar, of which the notes are an integral part, is quite different from the contracts dealt with in those cases. The deceased had no right to expect the insurance would continue on his life after he had defaulted in his obligation; that is to say, had no reason to think the company had agreed to continue the risk if he did not comply with the promises that he had given about paying premiums. It is to be observed that not only did the deceased fail to pay his premium notes, but the part of the: first premium fie paid in cash would not have sufficed to keep the policy in force to the date of bis death. However, that is not a decisive fact. The policy suggests that payment of the first premium in advance and in cash and payment of all other premiums in advance was the usual course of business followed by defendant. An indulgence was granted Steadman for part of the first premium on the express condition that if he did not pay the deferred part, the policy should ipso facto become a nullity, as it would have been a nullity if issued without the indulgence and he had failed to pay in full the first premium.

Finally it is contended forfeiture for non-payment of the notes was waived because .the company tried to collect them. But the notes stipulated the contract should stand annulled if they were not paid; further, that the full amount of the premium should be considered as having been earned by the policy remaining in force during the period previous to the default. Such being the contract, no waiver of forfeiture resulted from merely demanding payment of the notes when they fell due. [Duncan v. Ins. Co., supra; Union Cent. Ins. Co. v. Chowning, 86 Tex. 654, 28 S. W. 117; Jefferson Mut. Ins. Co. v. Murray, 86 S. W. 803; Laughlin v. Ins. Co., 28 S. W. (Tex.) 411; Blackerby v. Ins. Co., 83 Ky. 574; Shults v. Ins. Co., 42 Ia. 239; Shakey v. Ins. Co., 44 Ia. 540; Williams v. Ins. Co., 19 Mich. 451.] Those cases are not exactly like this one in their facts, but are enough like it for their principle to be applicable.

Judgment affirmed.

All concur.