289 Mass. 302 | Mass. | 1935
This is an action, of replevin brought in the District Court in which the plaintiff seeks to maintain title and right to possession to an automobile. The answer is a general denial and an allegation that the automobile is not the automobile of the plaintiff but belongs to the defendant.
At the trial there was evidence tending to show that the automobile was sold in 1929 by the defendant to one James P. DeCoste, upon a conditional sale contract which allowed DeCoste “to sell said automobile for cash only,” and required to be held “in trust for the Seller separate from other money of the Buyer so much of the price received from the purchaser as shall equal the amount not yet paid hereunder, and to pay said sum to the Seller forthwith.” DeCoste immediately sold the automobile to a Miss Murdock, “with whom he was keeping company,” who registered the automobile in her own name for the years 1929, 1930 and 1931. Miss Murdock did not pay cash to DeCoste, but made payments to him in instalments. She testified that she had in this manner paid the full purchase price. There was evidence that there was an unpaid balance due to the defendant upon its conditional sale contract with DeCoste.
There was evidence that in October, 1931, Miss Murdock traded the automobile to the Middleboro Nash Company; that while it was in the possession of that company Pike, in behalf of his employer, went to see the Nash Company and told it he wanted the balance due on the DeCoste lease and not the automobile and that he would look to that company for the money; and that Pike did not repossess the automobile. There was further evidence that on January 8, 1932, the Middleboro Nash Company sold the automobile to one George R. Briggs; that he too was visited by Pike and told that he would have to pay the balance due from DeCoste or the automobile would be repossessed; and that" the automobile was not repossessed by the defendant. Both the Middleboro Nash Company and Briggs had the automobile on their floors for sale when they were visited by Pike on behalf of the defendant. On January 15, 1932, Briggs sold the automobile to the plaintiff in the usual course of business, without her knowledge of any facts recited in the testimony given at the trial of this pending action.
The plaintiff made eleven requests for rulings which are printed in the margin.
Upon the pleadings the plaintiff was required to prove title and a right to immediate possession of the automobile. Jeffery v. M. W. Leahy & Co. 258 Mass. 548, 549. She could prove title as the ultimate purchaser from DeCoste or title from the defendant on the theory that DeCoste had actual or ostensible authority to sell or that the defendant was estopped from asserting title superior to that of the plaintiff. The issues raised by the plaintiff are (1) Do the facts in this case constitute a legal or equitable estoppel against the defendant? (2) Are the rights and
The plaintiff acquired no title as grantee of DeCoste because DeCoste, as a conditional vendee, had no title which he could convey. She acquired as grantee of the conditional vendee only such title as he had, the general title remaining in the vendor until the full price was paid. Bousquet v. Mack Motor Truck Co. 269 Mass. 200, 202. DeCoste under his contract with the defendant did not have actual authority to transfer the title of the defendant to Miss Murdock. His authority was limited by paragraph 6 of the conditional sale agreement which provided: “The Seller hereby authorizes the Buyer to sell said automobile for cash only at a price not lower than that shown opposite the description of the automobile in Column 5 of said schedule . . . .” It is found that Miss Murdock did not pay cash for the automobile but paid DeCoste in instalments, apparently having taken the automobile before she had paid for it. DeCoste did not have ostensible authority to sell the automobile in behalf of the defendant. An owner of personal property, by permitting possession of it under a conditional contract of sale, does not clothe the conditional vendee with apparent authority to sell the vendor’s title to that property, and he may recover it from a bona fide purchaser without notice. Bousquet v. Mack Motor Truck Co. 269 Mass. 200, 201-202. Lorain Steel Co. v. Norfolk & Bristol Street Railway, 187 Mass. 500. If the contract be construed to be a general power to sell the automobile accompanied by a secret limitation not binding upon a purchaser without notice, Si
On the facts the present case is distinguishable from the case of Denno v. Standard Acceptance Corp. 277 Mass. 251, relied on by the plaintiff, in that in the case at bar the defendant did not permit Briggs to exhibit the automobile, nor did Briggs have possession of it with the defendant’s consent. The mere failure of the defendant to repossess the automobile from Briggs or from the Middleboro Nash Company cannot be construed as a holding out of Briggs or of the Middleboro Nash Company as a person or company having a right to sell the defendant’s automobile. It cannot be ruled that the defendant is estopped from asserting its title. The plaintiff was not induced to purchase the automobile from Briggs through any conduct of the defendant. Although the plaintiff would not have bought the automobile had it not been exhibited for sale by Briggs, the defendant was not responsible for its presence in Briggs’s salesroom. Furthermore, the defendant gave Briggs notice of his want of title and demanded payment from him of the balance unpaid on the contract with DeCoste. After such notice the defendant was not bound to anticipate that Briggs would sell the automobile. Dondis v. Lash, 277 Mass. 477, 485. Silver v. Graves, 210 Mass. 26, 31. Silence will give rise to an estoppel only where there is a duty to speak or act. J. H. Gerlach Co. Inc. v. Noyes, 251 Mass. 558, 565. The trial judge found as a matter of fact that the defendant
Order “Report dismissed” affirmed.
1. That upon all the evidence the plaintiff is entitled to recover.
2. That the test in a suit of replevin is the right to immediate possession.
3. That if the terms of the contract under which the car was released by the defendant contained an authority to sell the automobile, the defendant is bound by the terms of its contract and cannot vary the terms.
4. That the plaintiff, a third person to the contract of sale by the defendant, can go behind the contract and show implied or secret agreement, and the real relation between the parties to the instrument.
6. That if the manager in charge of sales of the defendant knew that the car was sold and delivered to a third person, and that payments were being made to its conditional vendee, the company is estopped to claim title to. the car.
7. That upon all the evidence the defendant is estopped to deny or question the title of the plaintiff.
8. That upon all the evidence the plaintiff has a legal title to the car replevied.
9. That upon all the evidence the plaintiff was entitled to immediate possession at the time of this action.
10. That if the defendant, its agents or servants, knowing that the car was to be sold stood by and did nothing to prevent a sale or secure the return of its property, and the plaintiff has been misled to her injury, and the defendant had reasonable cause to know that such consequences would follow, it is estopped by its conduct.
11. That if the defendant is entitled to recover the damages can not exceed the amount of the defendant’s interest.