| Colo. | Feb 15, 1876
This action was founded upon the record of a judgment recovered in the State'.of Missouri. The defendant pleaded nul tiel record, nil débet, and a special plea denying that the court in Missouri had jurisdiction of his person at the date of rendering the judgment. A demurrer to the plea of nil débet was sustained, and it is contended that this ruling was erroneous. Of this, however, there is some doubt, for it was held in Mills v. Duryee, 7 Cranch, 481" court="SCOTUS" date_filed="1813-03-11" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/mills-v-duryee-85029?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="85029">7 Cranch, 481, that this plea could not be admitted in actions of this kind.
Later cases affirm the doctrine that the jurisdiction of the court in which the judgment was rendered as to the person of the defendant and the subject-matter of the controversy, may be' questioned in an action on the judgment, but whether this shall be done by general or special plea is not declared. Thompson v. Whitman, 18 Wall. 457" court="SCOTUS" date_filed="1874-03-18" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/thompson-v-whitman-88824?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="88824">18 Wall. 457; Knowles v. Gas-light & Coke Co., 19 id. 58.
If, however, nil debet is a good plea to a 'declaration- on a judgment, the ruling of the court excluding it was not injurious to plaintiff in error. Upon the authorities cited he could only impeach the judgment upon the want of jurisdiction in the court which pronounced it, and this defense was allowed him under the special plea. That he was not allowed to maintain two pleas setting up the same defense is not a ground for reversal. Authority to take the deposition of Louis Swain was conferred upon the commissioner by the dedimus or commission to him directed, pursuant to Rev. Stat. 311, and none other was necessary. This is according to the practice which has prevailed in our courts from the organization of the Territory, and if there be any thing wrong or mischievous in it, the remedy is with the legislative assembly.
As to the name of' the witness, the fact that it was . spelled Lewis, in the commission and interrogatories, is not material. In the matter of names, orthography is not important, if the sound is the same, and whether this name is spelled in one way or the other, the pronunciation is the same.
The fourth interrogatory in this deposition, called for
Defendant alleged that he was not in the State of Missouri at the date when the suit in which the judgment was obtained was begun, or at the date of the alleged recovery, and that service of process in that action was not had upon him.
The inquiry as' to where he was at the time when the summons in the suit appeared to have been served was thus made material, and the question was not objectionable in form. In answer to the question, the witness very properly gave the circumstances which enabled him to fix the day on which he saw the defendant in St. Louis, but he was not asked to state-whether he served a writ on defendant at that time, and his answer that he did so was not responsive to the question.
This objection was taken on the motion to suppress the deposition, and that portion of the answer which relates to the service of a writ on defendant should have been excluded. Although the witness did not particularly describe the writ which he served, from the language used it may be inferred that he was speaking of the writ upon which the judgment in controversy was entered, -and this evidence may have had an important influence in determining the issue in the cause. In taking evidence upon interrogatories attached to the dedimus or commission, the rule which requires that the witness shaLl answer the question put, without more, should be somewhat strictly applied. In such case the party against whom the deposition is to be used has no opportunity to cross-examine, except that which is afforded by filing cross-interrogatories to be attached to the commission. In drawing them he must often be governed entirely by the direct interrogatories filed by his adversary, and if these last give no light as to the subject upon which the witness is to be examined, he will be unable to cross-examine. Of this the deposition in the record affords an illustration.
In the direct interrogatories there is nothing calling for
In examinations at the bar of the court in the presence of counsel, whatever falls from the witness may, within limits defined by other rules, be made a subject of cross-examination, and therefore greater latitude may then be indulged in applying the rule under consideration.
At the trial the defendant testified in his own behalf that he was not served with process in the suit in the State of Missouri; and gave some account of his residence, and the places where he had been at different times.' Upon cross-examination he was asked whether he had not in the year 1871 conversed with Mr. Horner, one of the attorneys for plaintiff, concerning a note which was shown him. An objection to this was overruled, and the witness admitted the conversation, but denied that he had then said that he supposed judgment had been entered against him on the note, or any thing of that kind. Mr. Horner was then called by the plaintiff to contradict the testimony of the defendant respecting the judgment, and he stated in substance, that the defendant admitted, in the conversation with him, that suit had been brought on the note in St. Louis. This conversation occurred more than two years after the alleged service of process in the suit in Missouri, and the. utmost effect that can be given to the admissions imputed to the defendant is, that at the time of the conversation he knew that suit was pending, or perhaps that judgment had been entered against him in Missouri. That this was not an admission that process had been served on him in that suit two years and more prior to the conversation, is plain enough without argument. Knowledge of the fact said to have been admitted, might have been obtained by defendant in many ways other than the service of process, and the admission did not prove, or tend' to prove, the issue. It is equally plain that the cross-examination was not pertinent
The substantial objection to the evidence is that it was not pertinent to the issue, and that the court allowed the plaintiff to contradict it, apparently for the purpose of discrediting the witness,
We cannot know what weight was given to this testimony in determining the issue, but the fact that the court received it, notwithstanding the objection urged against it, and afterward refused to strike it out, justifies the conclusion, that the court regarded it as of some value. Upon the facts disclosed in the record, it is probable that the evidence, thus improperly admitted, affected the result, and this is fatal to the judgment. It will not be necessary to advert to the effort which was made to amend the bill of exceptions, at a term subsequent to that in which judgment was given, or 'to the alleged variance in the declaration. The judgment was well enough described, and the objections to receiving it in evidence were properly overruled.
The judgment of the probate courtis reversed with costs, and the cause remanded for new trial.
Reversed.