ORDER
We certify to the California Supreme Court the question set forth in Part III of this order.
Our previous opinion,
Bunney v. Mitchell,
I.
Pursuant to Rule 29.5 of the California Rules of Court, a panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, before which this appeal is pending, certifies to the California Supreme Court a question of law concerning the date on which a summary denial by the Supreme Court is “final.” The decisions of the California Supreme Court and Courts of Appeal provide no clear answer to the certified question, which may be dis-positive in this appeal. Accordingly, we respectfully request that the California Supreme Court answer the question presented below. The California Supreme Court may reformulate the question.
Marin Tug & Barge, Inc. v. Westport Petroleum, Inc.,
II.
The caption of the case is:
MARCIA ELLEN BUNNEY, Petitioner-Appellant,
v.
GWENDOLYN MITCHELL, Warden of the Central California Women’s Facility, Respondent-Appellee.
Counsel for the parties are as follows:
For Marcia Ellen Bunney: Michael Sa-tris, Bolinas, California.
For Gwendolyn Mitchell: Martin S. Kaye, Deputy Attorney General, San Francisco, California.
III.
The question for which we seek certification is:
When is the summary denial of a petition, for habeas corpus by the California *1189 Supreme Court “final”: when filed, 30 days after filing, or at some other time?
This action was dismissed as untimely by the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. The answer to the foregoing question of law is necessary for this court to determine whether Petitioner Marcia Ellen Bunney’s federal-court petition for a writ of habeas corpus was timely.
IV.
The relevant facts are as follows:
Petitioner shot and killed her ex-boyfriend, Ted DuBois. She was indicted in California on a charge of first-degree murder, waived her right to a jury trial, and was tried before the court. She alleged at trial that, because of her mental condition, she was unable to premeditate, deliberate, or harbor malice. She presented expert testimony about her mental condition; the government presented expert testimony in response. On May 25, 1982, the court found Petitioner guilty of first-degree murder and imposed a sentence of between 25 years and life in prison. Petitioner appealed to the California Court of Appeal, which affirmed her conviction on September 4, 1984.
In October 1995, Petitioner retained her present counsel in preparation for a March 1996 parole hearing. Counsel interviewed Petitioner and reviewed her prison mental health file and the transcript of her trial. Counsel then retained the services of Dr. Daniel Sonkin, a psychotherapist and expert on domestic violence. After interviewing Petitioner and reviewing her psychological reports from the time of trial, Sonkin concluded that Petitioner had suffered from Battered Women’s Syndrome (BWS) at the time she killed DuBois. At Petitioner’s March 21, 1996, parole hearing, counsel relied on Sonkin’s diagnosis of BWS, but the parole board denied parole nonetheless.
On February 14, 1997, Petitioner filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus in the California Supreme Court. The California Supreme Court summarily denied that petition on May 28,1997.
On September 4, 1997, Petitioner filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus in federal district court, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. In her petition, she claimed that (1) her trial counsel was ineffective for failing to investigate or present expert testimony about BWS; and (2) in view of Sonkin’s diagnosis of BWS, she was entitled to a new trial.
The district court issued an order in which it (1) noted that the petition appeared to be untimely under the one-year statute of limitations in the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA); and (2) directed the government to bring a motion to dismiss the petition as untimely or, alternatively, to explain why such a motion was unwarranted. The government filed a motion to dismiss; Petitioner filed an opposition.
The district court granted the government’s motion to dismiss. After requesting and receiving a certificate of appeala-bility from the district court, Petitioner timely appealed.
On appeal, we affirmed in a published opinion, which we are hereby withdrawing, in which we concluded that Petitioner’s federal-court petition for habeas corpus was untimely.
Bunney,
*1190 The State of California filed a response to the petition for rehearing, in which it argued that summary denial of the petition for habeas corpus was final on the date that the California Supreme Court filed it.
V.
We respectfully submit that the question we pose is worthy of certification because it arises frequently in cases governed by AEDPA’s one-year time limit, its answer may be dispositive in this case, and it is not directly answered by opinions of the California Supreme Court or Courts of Appeal.
In two unpublished memorandum dispositions, this court held that summary denials of habeas petitions by the California Supreme Court are not final until 30 days after they are filed.
Morgan v. Fairman,
No. 99-5546,
In our view,
Carrington
provides only limited support for the proposition that summary denials of habeas petitions by the California Supreme Court are not final until 30 days after they are filed. First,
Carrington
is a Court of Appeal case that answers the question when a
Court of Appeal
decision becomes final. Second,
Car-rington
is not a habeas case. Third, and perhaps most important for present purposes, another district of the California Court of Appeal disagreed with
Carring-ton’s
holding.
People v. Allison,
Further, the State of California presented, as an appendix to its opposition to the petition for rehearing, two unpublished but publicly available letters from the California Supreme Court in a case captioned In re Robert Wayne Danielson on Habeas Corpus (No. S017435). Those letters state, as relevant, that the California Supreme Court’s own summary denial of a petition for writ of habeas corpus is “considered final forthwith.”
Both positions find some textual support in the California Rules of Court. In pertinent part, Rule 24(a) provides:
A decision of the Supreme Court becomes final 30 days after filing unless the court orders a shorter time or, prior to the expiration of the 30-day period or any extension, orders one or more additional periods not to exceed a total of 60 additional days. An order of the Supreme Court denying a petition for re *1191 view of a decision of a Court of Appeal becomes final when it is filed.
‡ ‡ ‡ $
When a decision of a reviewing court is final as to that court, it is not thereafter subject to modification or rehearing by that court.... [I]f the judgment is modified during [the time allowed for rehearing], the period specified herein begins to run anew, as of the date of modification.
Rule 27(a) provides, as relevant here: “The Supreme Court ... may grant a rehearing after its own decision in any cause.... ”
One plausible way to read Rule 24(a) is by itself and literally; any “decision” of any kind becomes final 30 days after filing (unless the court orders a shorter or longer time in an individual case).
1
But another plausible way to read Rule 24(a), along with Rule 27(a), is to construe the 30-day delay in finality as applying only because— and only in those matters — in which rehearing of a “cause” may occur. In turn, the determination of a “cause” may not encompass a summary denial of a petition for writ of habeas corpus.
See
Cal. Const. art. VI, § 14 (“Decisions of the Supreme Court ... that determine causes shall be in writing with reasons stated.”);
In re Rose,
In sum, we are uncertain about what the California Supreme Court’s answer would be to the question when the summary denial by the California Supreme Court of a petition for habeas corpus becomes “final.” We therefore respectfully request that the Supreme Court of California accept certification and resolve this question.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Notes
. That is what this court appears to have done in the two unpublished dispositions mentioned above.