200 Mo. 718 | Mo. | 1906
This cause is before this court upon cross appeals.
On the 2nd day of August, 1902, plaintiff instituted this suit under section 650, Revised Statutes 1899, to determine interests and quiet the title to several hundred acres of land described in the petition, of which he claimed to be the owner and to which he Claimed to have title in fee simple, and alleging that the defendant claims some title, estate or interest in and to all of said lands adverse to the title of the petitioner.
On Septemebr 8, 1902, defendant filed its answer to plaintiff’s petition in which it denied that plaintiff had any title or interest in said lands, and alleging title in defendant company.
On March 6, 1903, the Legislature passed an act, pp. 254-255, Laws 1903, which took effect June-21,1903, “Relating to the setting Aside of Tax Deeds,” which provides:
“That no suit, or action, in any of the courts of this State, either at law or in equity, shall hereafter be maintained by any person or corporations, against any other person or corporation, for the determination of the title to, or for the recovery of the possession of, any lands, which shall have been sold for taxes, or any interest in ány such lands, or for the setting aside or cancellation of any tax-deed or sale of land for taxes, alleged to have been void, voidable or defective, unless such person or corporation so seeking to recover such lands, or some interest therein, or the setting asidé*723 of such tax-deed or tax-sale, shall, in his petition offer to refund to the defendant therein, or to such other person or corporation, from whom and against whom such recovery is sought, in such action, all taxes paid by such defendant, or other persons, and his grantors, remote or immediate, or by those under whom he claims, together with interest thereon from the date of payment of such taxes to the date of the judgment in such action. No actual tender shall be required to be made by such plaintiff, or other person seeking such recovery or cancellation of such deed, but it shall be deemed sufficient if an offer to pay the same, as soon as the amount thereof shall be ascertained, shall be made and set out in such'petition. All courts before which any such action may be brought or maintained, shall, if the judgment in such action be adverse to the defendant, or dedefendants, therein, and the recovery of such land, or any interest therein, be adjudged or decreed, find and adjudge by its decree or judgment the amount of money due to the defendant, or to other persons, on account of taxes or interest thereon paid as aforesaid, by defendant, or his grantors as aforesaid; and' all such courts may, if such relief be prayed for in the answer, or the other pleading of the defendant, or other persons entitled to reimbursement, adjudge and decree that the amount so found by the court, or a jury, shall be and constitute a lien upon the lands recovered, or in controversy. ’ ’
Thereafter on September 16, 1903, plaintiff filed an amended petition, containing a second count, in which for the first time he claims that his title is based upon certain sheriff’s deeds for taxes; that he and his grantor have paid a large amount of taxes on said lands for the year 1879 and up to and including the year 1898. He asks in this second count to be reimbursed for all taxes paid by him and that the amount so paid
Defendant filed an answer to plaintiff’s amended petition, denying that plaintiff had any interest in or title to the land, and alleging the title to be in defendant company.
The trial resulted in a finding and judgment that the defendant was the legal owner of the land. The court also found that the plaintiff’s claim of title was based upon sheriff’s deeds for taxes and that by virtue thereof he had paid- and extinguished taxes upon the land, which with interest thereon amounted to $438.16, and declared the same to be a lien upon said land.
In due time defendant filed motions for new trial and in arrest, and plaintiff filed his motion for a new trial, all of which were overruled, and exceptions timely saved by the respective parties.
Both parties appeal.
Plaintiff showed a derivative title from the United States Government, which included tax deeds for all the land in question to Logan D. Dameron of date May 5, 1881. These deeds were executed by the sheriff of Shannon county in pursuance of sales made by the sheriff of said county under judgments rendered against the apparent record owners of said land for delinquent taxes, upon which said judgments executions had been duly issued. These deeds were recorded in the recorder’s office of said county on May 6,1881.
Defendant to sustain the issues on its part introduced the following evidence.
Defendant read original deed from Wm. Geninn to Cosmore G. Bruce, conveying lots 2 and 3 of the northwest quarter and lots 2 and 3 of the northeast quarter of section 3, township 29, range 3, dated July 5,1859, recorded May 8, 3860, in Book O at page 283. of the Deed Records of Shannon county, Missouri, and re
Defendant read original deed from Jacob Armor to Oosmore Gr. Bruce conveying lots 4 and 5 of the northeast quarter and lots 4 and 5 of the northwest quarter of section 3, township 29', range 2, dated July 5, 1859, recorded May 8, 1860, in Book O at page 282 of the Deed Records of Shannon county, Missouri, and re-recorded March 20, 1894, in Book 31 at page 295 of the Deed Records of Shannon county, Missouri.
Defendant then read a quit-claim deed from Emily B. Smith and husband and Chas. W. Bruce and wife to John C. Brown, dated May 8, 1895, recorded May 20, 1895, in Book 31 at page 308, conveying all the lands purchased by Cosmore Gr. Bruce and described in the foregoing deeds.
Next a warranty deed from William Ritchie to Henry B. Reeves conveying the south half of the southwest quarter and the south half of the southeast quarter of section 11, township 29, range 2 west, dated March 29, 1860, recorded January 6, 1870, in Book Gr at page 133, re-recorded June 16, 1894, in Book 31 at page 395.
Defendant read a warranty deed from Henry B. Reeves and wife to Alonzo K. Reynolds, dated June 9, 1860, recorded January 6, 1870, in Book Gr at page 134, and re-recorded on June 16,1894 , in Book 31 at page 397, conveying the land last above described.
The record of this deed was destroyed by fire on December 31,1870.
Defendant read a quitclaim deed from Chas. S. Reynolds and wife, heirs of Alonzo K. Rynolds, to John C. Brown, dated May 2, 1894, recorded June 16, 1894, in Book 29 at page 117, conveying the land last above described.
■ Defendant next read a warranty deed from Barnett Orrick to A. L. Wbitely, conveying the north half of the southwest quarter and the west half of the
■Defendant then read a warranty deed from A. L. Whifcely to George W. Manning, conveying the land last above described, dated June 9, 1859, recorded May 15, 1860, in Book C at page 293, and re-recorded March 16, 1894, in Book 31 at page 285.
Defendant then read a warranty deed from Geo. W. Manning to Michael J. Kine, conveying the land last above described, dated January 11, 1867, recorded January 31, 1870, in Book G at page 189, and rerecorded March 16, 1894, in Book 31 at page 289.
At the time of the offering in evidence of each one of said deeds by defendant, plaintiff objected to the inti’oduction of the deed for the reason that the plaintiff’s claim of title rested upon a sheriff’s sale under an execution for back taxes for the year 1878, and the deed in evidence did not show it to have been recorded before the sale for back taxes as shown by plaintiff’s deed, which objection was overruled by the court, to which ruling the plaintiff excepted at the time.
Defendant offered certified copy of the will of Michael J. Kine to his wife, Bridget M. Kine, bequeathing to her all his property both real and personal, dated Axxgust’ 30, 1873, recorded June 9, 1879, in Will Book A at page 157.
Defendant read a quitclaim deed from Bridget M. Kine to Missouri Lumber & Mining Company, dated June 7, 1899, recorded June 26, 1899, conveying all of tract 4.
Defendant, by agreement, read the affidavits of Emil B. Smith and Perry Lewis, the former showing that prior to her marriage with Charles B. Smith she was the widow of Cosmore G. Bruce, who resided in
Defendant then read in evidence a quitclaim deed from John C. Brown to the Missouri Lumber and Mining Company, dated June 3, 1899, recorded June 26, 1899, in Book 36, page 366, conveying the land in question in this suit.
The records of all of said deeds which were recorded prior to the 31st day of December, 1870, were destroyed by fire at that date.
Plaintiff insists that the tax deeds of May 5, 1881, under which he claims title, being based as they were upon judgments of the circuit court "of Shannon county for taxes assessed against the patentees of the land, were sufficient-to vest in plaintiff the legal title, as against defendant who claims under deeds, the record of which was burned December 31, 1870, it not appearing that either the collector or purchaser at the tax sale had any notice of said deeds. In support of this contention plaintiff relies upon Vance v. Corrigan, 78 Mo. 94; Payne v. Lott, 90 Mo. 676; Evans v. Robberson, 92 Mo. 192; Allen v. Ray, 96 Mo. 547, which hold that suits for taxes against land must be brought against the record owner of the land, and that every person not having actual notice as to who is the real owner of lands other than as indicated by the deed records has the right to rely' upon the records provided by law to be kept for the purpose of showing
Crane v. Dameron, 98 Mo. 567, was an action of ejectment for a tract of land in this same county which was entered by Cyrus K. Brown in 1858, and on the 10th day of August, 1859, Brown, by warranty deed, conveyed the land to plaintiff, whose deed was on the fifth day of March, 1860, filed for record in the office of the recorder of said county, and, on the eighth of March, 1860, the same was recorded among the land records of said county, in Deed Book 0, at pages 114 and 115. On the thirty-first of December, 1871, Deed Book C was destroyed by fire. The taxes on the land for the years 1871 to 1878, inclusive, were assessed to Brown. A suit for delinquent taxes for these years was instituted by the collector of said county against this tract of land, to which Brown was made the party defendant and on the sixth day of November, 1880, judgment was rendered for the taxes, and on the fifth day of May, 1881, the land was sold under this judgment. The defendant. Dameron became the purchaser, received his tax deed therefor, and put the same on record in said county. The court, before whom the
Geer v. Lumber and Mining Co., 134 Mo. 85, was an action of ejectment for certain lands in this same county. The plaintiff claimed title under deed made by the sheriff of said county in 1881, under judgments for taxes. Defendants claimed title under deeds from the patentee of the land to one Auld. These deeds were dated in the sixties, and were recorded in Shannon county in 1870. After their record, the record of deeds in which they were recorded was destroyed by fire, but the deeds were not again recorded, until after the tax sales under which plaintiff claimed. It was held that under Revised Statutes 1889, section 2419, providing that deeds duly acknowledged, certified, and recorded, “shall from the time of filing the same with the recorder for record, impart notice to all persons of the contents thereof; and all subsequent purchasers and mortgagees shall be deemed in law and equity to purchase with notice,” the recording of a deed is notice, although the records were subsequently destroyed; and the purchaser at a tax sale under a judgment against the apparent owner of land will not be protected against the real owner, the record of whose deed was destroyed.
Weir v. Lumber Co., 186 Mo. 388, was an action under the statute to ascertain the rig'hts of the respective parties to a tract of this sarue class of lands,
If these adjudications are sound law, as we think they are, it necessarily follows that defendant was the legal owner of the lands in question at the time of the bringing of this suit, and that the court was correct in so ruling.
There was no laches upon the part of the defendant in this case. [Weir v. Lumber Co., supra.]
Another contention upon the part of plaintiff is that even though his title be held invalid he is entitled under the act of 1903 to recover all the taxes paid by him and his grantors at' and subsequent to the tax sales. Upon the other hand, defendant’s position is that the act of 1903 only applies in case the taxes are paid subsequently to the taking effect of this act. It is not claimed by plaintiff that prior to this act recovery could be had for taxes paid by a person under circumstances like the case at bar.
There are several reasons why in our opinion plaintiff cannot invoke the aid of the act in this instance. .In the first place, the act confers no such rig’ht upon the plaintiff, who sues for the determination of the title to, or for the possession of land, but by express terms provides that all taxes paid by the defendant or other persons, and his gTantors, remote or immediate, or by those under whom he claims, together with interest thereon from the date of payment of such taxes to the date of the judgment in such suit, may, in the event the judgment be adverse to the defendant, constitute a lien upon the lands recovered, or in controversy, but confers no such right upon a plaintiff. Besides, the act makes it a condition precedent to the maintenance of such suit that the plaintiff therein shall, in his petition, offer to refund to the defendant therein,' or to such other person or corporation from whom and
Second. The act having been passed subsequently to the institution' of this suit, cannot affect the rights or the interest of the parties thereto. As a general rule the plaintiff must recover, if at all, upon a cause of action existing at the commencement of the suit. [Barber Asphalt Paving Company v. Ridge, 169 Mo. 376.] Not only this, but to permit'the plaintiff to invoke the provisions of the act in his behalf in this case would be to give it a retrospective effect, which cannot be done in the absence of some provision in the act indicative of the intent of the Legislature that it should have such effect. [Haarstick v. Gabriel, 200 Mo. 237.] -
It creates rights which did not exist before its passage, and expressly provides that hereafter, that is, after this act takes effect, no suit shall be maintained, etc., clearly indicating that the act was intended to be prospective rather than retrospective. The act was before the St. Louis Court of Appeals for construction in the case of Petring v. Current River Land & Cattle Company, 111 Mo. App. 373, ’and it was held that it was prospective, and applied to future tax sales only. Goode, J., in speaking for the court in that case, said:
“The sale itself occurred more than twenty-four years before the act took effect and the. taxes were all paid prior to its taking effect. The question in the case, therefore, is whether the act embraces those past
Our conclusion is that the judgment in so far as it is in favor of defendant should he affirmed, but in so far as it is in favor of plaintiff for taxes paid upon the lands and declaring the same to be a lien thereon, it should be reversed. It is so ordered.