82 N.C. 125 | N.C. | 1880
Lead Opinion
The summons in this action was returnable to fall term, 1874, when defendant moved to dismiss on the ground that the summons was void. The motion was overruled, and upon defendant's appeal the judgment was reversed. Folk v. Howard,
The case of appeal states that at spring term, 1879, a jury were again impaneled to inquire of and assess the damages sustained by the defendant by reason of the taking of the *127 mules out of his possession, and that the jury returned a verdict for the full value of the property, to wit: for the sum of three hundred dollars, and thereupon His Honor, on motion of the plaintiff, set aside the verdict and allowed him to dismiss his action, but made an order of restitution to defendant, from which order both sides appeal.
This court on the former appeal having reversed the ruling of the court below for the erroneous admission of evidence of title in the plaintiff on the writ of inquiry, and remanded the cause for further proceedings, we assume the cause, when sent back, to have stood for execution of the writ of inquiry as before, and so it is necessary for us on this appeal only to consider of the errors assigned in the orders of the judge after the rendition of the verdict of the jury. The question is, can the plaintiff bring his action of claim and delivery and procure the property to be taken out of the possession of the defendant and delivered to him by the process of the law, and then omit to file his complaint, so that no issue can be made or tried as to the right of possession between him and the defendant, and at length, on his motion, dismiss his action and thereby acquit and discharge himself from all relief or assertion of right in the action on the part of the defendant.
In putting this provisional remedy of claim and delivery in motion, it was requisite that the plaintiff, after getting an order for the taking and delivering of the mules to him, should execute an undertaking with surety in double the value of the property, conditioned for the prosecution of his suit, for return of the property if so adjudged, and for the payment of such sum of money as might from any cause be recovered against him. Bat. Rev., ch. 17, § 177, et seq. And the suit being thus instituted, it was incumbent on the plaintiff to follow it up and file his complaint within the first three days of the return term, setting forth the facts constituting his right, or in default thereof, be exposed to *128 have his action dismissed. Bat. Rev., ch. 18, § 2, and C. C. P., § 78.
From the case of appeal signed by the counsel, and the record proper, it is to be taken that the plaintiff never filed any complaint at all, but was content, having had possession delivered to him, to let the matter hang. The former appeal was without pleadings as reported in
The proper proceeding to be had in the state of things which occurred in the court below is not specifically pointed out in the code of civil procedure, (and we could not expect it to go into all the details of practice). But it seems to us, a judgment for the defendant for restitution of the property, if to be had, and if not, for its value, was just in itself, and the only course that could be adopted to prevent the plaintiff from using the process of the law for his personal advantage merely, instead of as a means of a due and orderly assertion of his right by a trial thereon. *129
It is settled that whenever a party is deprived of the possession of property by the process of the law in proceedings adjudged void, an order for restitution will be made as a part of the judgment. Perry v. Tupper,
Such a course of proceeding seems to be necessary, otherwise the plaintiff, under color of legal process, will perpetrate a fraud on the law and be allowed to keep property, the title to which was prima facie in the defendant from whom it was taken at the beginning of the suit. In all cases where issue is joined on pleadings filed, the defendant on the trial may have a verdict on the right, and fixing the value; or if plaintiff neglect or refuse to come to trial of the issue joined, the defendant may have judgment as of nonsuit for the property, with an assessment of value on a writ of inquiry, followed by a judgment in either case in the alternative, that is to say, for the property if to be had, and if not, then for the value. And it is equally necessary, in all cases, whether issue be joined or not, in prevention of fraud, to provide, on plaintiff's motion to dismiss or discontinue, for a like judgment in the alternative.
This conclusion as to the proper course to be pursued in this and similar cases, is sanctioned by the practice under the New York Code, of which our Code on this subject is a copy, and is authorized by the practice in actions of replevin of which our action of claim and delivery is a substitute. 1 Whit. Pr., 448; Wilson v. Wheeler, 6 H. Prac. Rep., 59; 1 Chitty Pl., 164.
Seeing, then, that the defendant was entitled to be put back in his former position by a judgment in the *130 alternative, how and by what means was that to be effected? A judgment for restitution merely would not, or might not be effectual, for if the sheriff should be unable on the execution to find the goods, or if the plaintiff has disabled himself to surrender the property, then the order of restitution becomes fruitless. The only judgment to meet such a possible state of things, it seems to us, would be a judgment to have the specific articles returned if to be had, and if not, the assessed value thereof. With a view to a judgment in this form it was necessary, on the plaintiff's motion to dismiss the suit, to have had the value fixed by the jury as was done in this case on a writ of inquiry.
Instead of proceedings to judgment in the alternative His Honor set aside the verdict on the writ of inquiry fixing the value, and ordered a writ of restitution to issue, which, of course, would omit any valuation of the mules sued for, and such a judgment, we have seen, would or might be ineffectual to put defendant in his former position.
We declare our opinion, therefore, to be, that His Honor erred in setting aside the verdict of the jury, and that his judgment, retaining the verdict, should have been for a return of the mules, if to be had, and if not, then for the payment of the value as fixed by the jury. This is error. Let this be certified.
Error. Reversed.
NOTE. — IN SAME CASE ON PLAINTIFF'S APPEAL.
Addendum
The error complained of by plaintiff is that after setting aside the verdict of the jury on the writ of inquiry and allowing him to dismiss his action, His Honor, as a part of his judgment, ordered restitution to be made of the mules which had been taken from defendant, and put into his possession under the process of the law.
We held in the appeal of the defendant, and for the *131 reasons expressed in the opinion filed in that case, that it was an abuse of the process of the law to take the mules out of the defendant's possession and then dismiss the action without putting the defendant instatu quo, and that in such case it was proper to order restitution as a part of the judgment. There is no error therefore in the order of restitution of which the plaintiff has a right to complain, and the judgment of the court below on the point excepted to on the part of the plaintiff is affirmed.
No error. Affirmed.