¶ 1 This is аn appeal following a jury verdict in favor of the defendant/appellee John Oesch (“appellee”) in a personal injury action resulting from a motor vehicle accident. We affirm. The relevant factual and procedural history, taken from the trial court’s opinion and supported by the record, follows:
On February 25, 1995, Plaintiffs’ vehicle was stopped at a traffic fight on upper Peach Street in front of Defendant’s stopped vehicle. Plaintiff Susan Maje- *720 zyk was the passenger, and Gary Maje-zyk, her husband, was the driver of Plaintiffs’ vehicle. Defendant noticed the light had changed and eased off the brake, drifting forward at less than 5 mph, thereby bumping Plaintiffs’ vehicle from behind. (T.T., p. 317). From this accident, Plaintiff Susan Majczyk claims to have suffered a herniated cervical disc, and her husband a loss of consortium claim.
Trial court opinion, 10/1/99 at 2.
¶ 2 The case proceeded to trial on June 7,1999.
At the jury trial, the jury found against the Plaintiff, Susan Majczyk, and for the Defendant. Following the jury verdict, this Court denied Plaintiffs Motion to Set Aside Jury Verdict and Motion for a New Trial. On appeal, Plaintiff Susan Majczyk raises four issues: (1) whether thе jury verdict was contrary to the evidence presented at trial; (2) whether the Court improperly permitted Defendant to cross-examine Plaintiffs treating chiropractor, Dr. LaDow, regarding the possibility that his spinal adjustments contributed to Plaintiffs cervical herniated disc; (3) whether the Court erred in precluding Plaintiffs expert witness, Dr. Michael Freeman, from testifying as an expert in trauma epidemiology; and, finally, (4) whether the Court erred in not directing Defendant to show the jury the redirect and recross-examination from the vidеotaped deposition of Defendant’s expert, Dr. Daniel Funk, at the time Defendant was presenting his case in chief.
Id. at 1-2.
¶ 3 When reviewing a motion to set aside a verdict, or motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, we must determine whether there is sufficient competent evidence to sustain the verdict.
Birth Center v. St. Paul Companies, Inc.,
¶ 4 In contrast, the grant of a new trial is a matter within the discretion of the trial court.
Kiser v. Schulte,
¶ 5 We certified this case for en banc review to address appellant’s 1 first issue, *721 that the jury’s verdict was against the weight of the evidence. The gravamen of this issue is that two of appellee’s medical experts “conceded” that appellant was injured in the accident. (Appellants’ brief at 19.) It is clear, however, that appellant is seeking compensation for her ongoing pain and suffering from a herniated disk, not for a few days or weeks оf discomfort. (Notes of testimony, 6/1-4/99 at 99-108; videotaped deposition of Marc A. Flitter, M.D., 5/25/99 at 24-81 (“Flitter deposition”).) Thus, the question before us is whether a jury may find for the defendant despite his or her obvious negligence because it does not believe that plaintiff’s pain and suffering, if any, are compensa-ble. We conclude that such a determination is well within the province of the jury. The reasons for our conclusion follow.
¶ 6 In support of her assertion that ap-pellee’s medical experts concedеd she was injured as a result of the accident, appellant sets forth excerpts from the testimony of John J. Euliano, M.D., who first examined appellant eight or nine days after the accident and examined her again approximately three weeks later. He next examined appellant eight months after the accident. At trial, the defense introduced Dr. Euliano’s videotaped deposition in which the following exchange occurred with regard to appellant’s condition eight days after the accident:
Q. Okay. As a result of having a history from this lady, and doing a physical examination, and viewing the x-rays that were earlier taken, did you have any impression of what her condition was?
A. Yes. I felt that she was suffering from a cervical strain.
Q. And what — what is a strain? How do you define a strain?
A. A stretching of the muscles and ligaments in the affected area.
Q. Did you suggest any treatment for her?
A. I told her to continue wearing a collar. She had been prescribed a collar in the emergency room. And I gave her an anti-inflammatory in the form of Relafen.
Videotaped deposition of John J. Euliano, M.D., 5/10/99 at 14 (“Eulianо deposition”). Appellant relies in part on this exchange to support her claim that appellee’s experts conceded she was injured in the accident. What appellant does not include, however, is Dr. Euliano’s testimony that when he examined appellant three weeks after the accident, she reported that she was 100 percent better. (Id at 15-16.) Furthermore, when Dr. Euliano examined appellant eight months after the accident, he reported that she was experiencing pain on the right side of her neck and loss of strength in her right arm. (Id. at 17.) These complaints differed from her complaints eight days after the accident, when she reported numbness in her left shoulder and in her face. (Id. at 7.)
¶ 7 Appellant also relies on the testimony of Daniel Funk, M.D., an orthopedic surgeon who examined appellant’s medical records prior to being deposed on May 28, 1999. Although Dr. Funk offered disputed causation testimony on direct as to appellant’s more serious surgery, the herniated disk, the following exchange occurred between Dr. Funk and appellant’s counsel on cross-examination:
Q. And you are aware, obviously, then, that Susan Majczyk was in a motor vehicle collision on February 25th, 1995. It was a rear-end collision, correct?
A. That’s my understanding.
*722 Q. And can we agree that Mrs. Majc-zyk was injured as a result of that collision, at least to some extent?
A. Define injury.
Q. Well, did she present with symptoms after that that she didn’t have before?
A. Yes.
Q. Can we agree with that?
A. Yes.
Q. And the only event that we know in the record that exists to account for that would be the motor vehicle collision, correct?
A. That is correct.
Deposition of Daniel Funk, M.D., 5/28/99 at 37-38 (“Funk deposition”).
¶ 8 To support her claim that the jury’s verdict was against the weight of the un-controverted evidence, appellant relies on
Neison v. Hines,
¶ 9 Both our supreme court in
Neison, supra,
and this court in numerous recent decisions have addressed the issue whether the jury may return a verdict for the defendant, or a verdict finding that the defendant’s nеgligence was not a substantial factor in causing the plaintiffs harm, where the defendant’s medical expert concedes that the plaintiff sustained
some
injury as a result of the accident.
See, e.g., Kruczkowska v. Winter,
¶ 10 In a slightly different context, our supreme court recently addrеssed the meaning of compensable pain and suffering, and the jury’s role in determining what is and is not compensable. In
Davis v. Mullen,
¶ 11 When Davis sued Mullen for personal injuries and property damage, Mullen conceded liability but disputed the extent of Davis’ injuries. The jury returned a verdict in favor of Davis, but in the amount of his medical expenses and property damage only. As a result, Davis moved for a new trial, claiming the damages were grossly inadequate because the jury did not compensate him for pain and suffering.
Id.
at 385-391,
¶ 12 Recognizing that it had promulgated two seemingly conflicting lines of cases, the supreme court in Davis sought to reconcile those cases, and held:
Today, we hold that a jury’s award of medical expenses without compensation for pain and suffering should not be disturbed where the trial court had a reasonable basis to believe that: (1) the jury did not believe the plaintiff suffered any pain and suffering, or (2) that a preexisting condition was the sole cause of the alleged pain and suffering.
Davis, supra
at 391,
¶ 13 The
Davis
court then engaged in an extensive analysis of the two lines of cases and pointed out the distinguishing characteristic, the severity of the plaintiffs injuries.
Id.
at 391-394,
¶ 14 Next, the
Davis
court discussed the line of cases in which it upheld a jury’s award of medical expenses without a corresponding award for pain and suffering.
Davis, supra
at 393-394,
¶ 15 Of particular significance to this case, however, was the Davis court’s summary of its analysis as applied to the facts before it:
[T]he Superior Court [in this case] foreclosed juries from making essential determinations that are within their purview. Those determinations include, inter alia, whether the defendant caused the plaintiffs injuries and whether the plaintiff suffered from compensable pain. Indeed, the existence of compensable pain is an issue of credibility and juries must believe that plaintiffs suffered pain before they compensate for that pain.
Davis, supra
at 396,
¶ 16 A review of our supreme court’s decisions in
Neison, supra,
and
Boggavarapu, supra,
further delineates the supreme court’s interрretation of the meaning of compensable pain. In
Bog-gavarapu,
for example, our supreme court instructed that while “there are injuries to which human experience teach
*724
es there is accompanying pain,” including,
inter alia,
the stretched muscle, which a jury may not disregard,
“they are not obliged to believe that every injury causes pain or the pain alleged.” Boggavarapu,
¶ 17 In
Neison,
in contrast, Neison presented uncontradicted evidence of a violent automobile accident for which Hines conceded negligence.
Neison, supra
at 520,
¶ 18 In reaching its conclusion that Nei-son was entitled to a new trial, our supreme сourt distinguished the facts before it from the facts in several earlier cases, including
Holland v. Zelnick,
¶ 19 We find further support that appellant was not entitled to a new trial in
Henery v. Shadle,
¶ 20 The
Holland
court relied in part on this court’s analysis in
Surgent v. Stein,
¶ 21 From the foregoing, we conclude that the term “insignificant” as used in Holland and cases citing it means the jury could have concluded that any injury plaintiff suffered did not result in compensable pain and suffering. We also conclude that in this case, like Davis, Brodhead, Henery, Holland, Surgent, and Rose, appellant was seeking compensation for an alleged serious injury, her ongoing pain and suffering from a herniated disk, not for a few days or weeks of discomfort. (Notes of testimony, 6/1-4/99 at 99-108; videotaped deposition of Marc A. Flitter, M.D., 5/25/99 at 24-31 (“Flitter deposition”).) As a result of the herniated disk and subsequent surgery, which was only partially successful, appellant claims she is still unable fully to perform her job or her housework or to engage in the activities with her children and grandchild she enjoyed before the accident. (Notes of testimony, 6/1-4/99 at 101-108.)
¶ 22 From his review of appellant’s medical records, however, Dr. Funk concluded that appellant’s symptoms shortly aftеr the accident were not consistent with disk herniation. (Funk deposition at 14AL5,17-24, 97.) Dr. Funk also opined that appellant’s symptoms several years prior to the accident, when she first treated with Charles LaDow, a chiropractor, were consistent with a nerve root injury or pinch, a possible consequence of disk herniation. (Id. at 23.) As a result, Dr. Funk opined that appellant’s degenerative disk disease predated the accident and subjected her to the same risk of disk herniation after the accident thаt existed prior to the accident. (Id. at 94-98.) Finally, Dr. Funk testified that while appellant had some subjective symptoms in the form of sore muscles after the accident, these symptoms had resolved within three weeks of the accident. (Id. at 97-98.)
¶ 23 The jury also had before it evidence that the accident in this case occurred at five miles per hour or less, 3 when appel-lee’s Dodge Neon hit the rear end of appellant’s Ford Escort while both were waiting for a traffic light to change on upper Peach Strеet in Erie. The impact caused no damage to either vehicle. Appellant’s husband and appellee both exited their vehicles and exchanged insurance information, after which the parties drove away from the scene. Appellant sought medical treatment the next day.
¶ 24 We recognize that appellant presented contradictory testimony as to the severity of the impact and the extent and duration of her injuries; however, a jury is always free to believe all, part,
*726
some, or none of the evidence presented.
Neison, supra
at 520,
¶ 25 Although this court certified this case for era
banc
review to address appellant’s first issue, we must necessarily address her remaining issues, having concluded that the first issue lacks a basis for reversal. In her second issue, appellant claims trial court error in allowing appellee’s counsel to cross-examine appellant’s treating chiropractor about the possibility that chiropractic spinal adjustments caused appellant’s herniated disk. “A trial judge has considerable latitude in determining the scope of cross-examination and his determination will not be reversed in the absence of an abuse of discretion unless a party suffers an obvious disadvantage.”
Steinhouse v. Herman Miller, Inc.,
¶ 26 We have reviewed the cross-examination testimony appellant cites, as well as the relevant cross-examination of ap-pellee’s expert, Dr. Funk, by appellant’s counsel, also cited by appellant. (Notes of testimony, 6/1^4/99 at 199-211; Funk deposition at 132-135.) We have also reviewed appellant’s counsel’s direct examination of appellant’s own expert, Dr. Michael Freeman, on the subject. (Notes of testimony, 6/1-4/99 at 268-269.) From our review, several things are clear. First, appellee’s counsel properly sought to impeach Dr. LaDow’s testimony concerning the efficacy of his spinal adjustments. Second, Dr. LaDow admitted that chiropractic treatment can inflict disk damage when “long-lever” arm movements are used in the low back, but also testified that those movements are seldom used in chiropractic any more. Dr. La-Dow also testified that he did not employ those movements, and that he was unaware of any literature indicating that the techniques he did use could compromise a disk. Furthermore, appellant’s counsel, on direct examination of appellant’s expert, Dr. Freeman, elicited testimony that disk herniations only occur during chiropractic manipulation when it is done negligently; that the risk is approximately 1 in 300,000; and that evidence in this case indicated that Dr. LaDow did nоt negligently manipulate appellant’s spine because appellant obtained relief from Dr. LaDow’s spinal adjustments. Finally, ap-pellee’s own expert, Dr. Funk, essentially agreed with Dr. LaDow that there was no evidence in this case linking appellant’s herniated cervical disk to Dr. LaDow’s spinal adjustments. Assuming arguendo, therefore, that the trial court abused its discretion when it allowed the challenged cross-examination, we find no prejudice. If anything, chiropractic manipulation appears to havе been ruled out as a cause of appellant’s disk herniation.
¶ 27 In her third issue, appellant claims trial court error in refusing to allow appellant’s expert, Dr. Michael Freeman, to testify as an epidemiologist. Dr. Freeman is a doctor of chiropractic with a Ph.D. in biostatistics and trauma epidemiology and is also a certified accident *727 reconstructionist. While Dr. Freeman was permitted to testify as an expert in the fields of accident reconstruction and chiropractic medicinе, the trial court sustained appellee’s counsel’s objection to allowing Dr. Freeman to testify as a trauma epidemiologist on the grounds of relevance. (Id. at 229-233.) According to appellant, Dr. Freeman would have testified that low speed rear-end collisions can result in herniated disks. (Id. at 230.)
¶ 28 “The admission or exclusion of evidence, including the admission of testimony from an expert witness, is within the sound discretion of the trial court.”
Turney Media Fuel, Inc. v. Toll Bros., Inc.,
¶ 29 We have reviewed Dr. Freeman’s testimony and can find no prejudice to appellant from the trial court’s ruling. Dr. Freeman testified extensively as to the effect of low speed rear-end collisions on an individual’s cervical disks, noting that some individuals, in particular women with long, slender necks, are more prone to this type of injury. (Notes of testimony, 6/1— 4/99 at 233-244.) Dr. Freeman then opined to a reasonable degree of accident reconstruction and chiropractic certainty that the accident at issue in this case caused appellant’s disk herniation. (Id. at 243-244.) Dr. Freeman based his opinion on his expertise in the aforementioned fields and on his review of appellant’s x-rays and MRI studies conducted before the accident, after the accident, and after surgery. (Id. at 244-266.) Thus, Dr. Freeman thoroughly addressed the effect of low speed rear-end collisions on cervical disks in general and on appellant’s cervical disk in particular. We therefore find no merit to this issue.
¶ 30 In her fourth issue, appellant claims trial court error when it excluded from evidence the re-direct and recross-examination of appellee’s expert, Dr. Funk, taken during his deposition. According to appellant, this testimony went to the very heart of Dr. Funk’s qualifications and credibility as аn expert because Dr. Funk admitted he had not performed a cervical fusion since completing his training. (Appellant’s brief at 28.) Appellant also claims the trial court violated Pa. R.Civ.P. 4020(a)(4), which provides, “[I]f only part of a deposition is offered in evidence by a party, any other party may require the offering party to introduce all of it which is relevant to the part introduced, and any party may introduce any other parts.” Pa.R.Civ.P. 4020(a)(4), 42 Pa.C.S.A.' 4
¶31 Once again, we find no reversible error. Neither the quality of nоr necessity for appellant’s cervical fusion was at issue in this case. Rather, the central issue was whether the accident caused appellant’s herniated disk. Dr. Funk’s experience performing spinal fusions was therefore irrelevant to his expertise to address this issue. Furthermore, appellant had an opportunity to challenge Dr. Funk’s qualifications as an expert in orthopedics and orthopedic surgery during voir dire, but did not have any questions as to his qualifi *728 cations in those fields at that time. (Funk deposition at 11.)
¶ 32 Additionally, we note that on redirect examination, Dr. Funk testified by way of hypothetical only that the MRI studies conducted after appellant’s surgery indicated further degenerative changes in the cervical spine, not at the level of the surgery. (Id. at 140-143.) Appellant’s counsel then re-cross-examined Dr. Funk and elicited testimony that the surgery itself, in which a portion of the spine is fused, can cause degenerative changes in the adjoining spine. (Id. at 145-147.) Appellant’s own expert, Dr. Freeman, who is a chiropractor, testified to the same effеct, and, as noted supra, also testified that the accident caused appellant’s herniated disk. (Notes of testimony, 6/1 — 4/99 at 264-266.) We therefore fail to see why appellant believes Dr. Funk’s inexperience performing spinal fusions was relevant to his qualifications as an expert in this case.
¶ 33 For all of the foregoing reasons, we affirm.
¶ 34 Affirmed.
Notes
. For ease of discussion, we will refer to plaintifl/appellant Susan Majczyk as "appel *721 lant."
. The
Neison
court also distinguished the facts before it from the facts in
Brodhead v. Brentwood Ornamental Iron Co., Inc.,
. Gary Majczyk testified that the accident occurred at two to three miles per hour. (Notes of testimony, 6/1-4/99 at 34.)
. We agree with the trial court that appellant’s argument concerning Rule 4020(a)(4) is waived because it was not raised at trial. See Pa.R.Civ.P. 227.1(b)(1) (post-trial relief may not be granted unless the grounds therefor, if then available, were raised at trial).