Mackin v. Madden

104 Wis. 61 | Wis. | 1899

Lead Opinion

MaRshall, J.

A motion was made by the respondent for a dismissal of the appeal because there was no proof on file of service on the clerk of the circuit court of the notice of appeal. A proper notice of appeal was found in the record certified to this court, with the usual filing thereon of the clerk of the lower court. It was urged that the statute requires a service of the appeal notice on the clerk of the circuit court where the judgment appealed from was entered, by delivering to such clerk, and leaving with him, a true copy thereof, and proof thereof, together with the original notice, to be duly certified to this court. To support such contention respondent’s counsel cited Yates v. Shepardson, 37 Wis. 315, where a notice of appeal was not delivered to or filed with the clerk of the trial court; also Eureka, S. H. Co. v. Sloteman, 67 Wis. 118, where the notice was not delivered to the clerk for the purpose of complying with the appeal statute, but was filed with him pursuant to a nunopro huno order of the trial court; and North Hudson M. B. & L. Asso. v. Childs, 86 Wis. 292, where the notice of appeal was neither directed to nor delivered to the clerk of the trial court. It will be observed that neither of such cases is similar in its facts to the one before us. Here a notice of appeal duly directed to the clerk of the trial court was delivered to him for the purpose of complying with the appeal statute, and was filed and returned by him to this court as a part of the record. Sec. 3049, Stats. 1898, provides that an appeal must be taken by serving a notice in writing on the adverse party and on the clerk of the circuit court in which the judgment or order appealed from is entered; and sec. 3050 provides that the clerk shall in all cases transmit to the supreme court the notice of appeal. It is considered that if a notice of appeal, made and directed as required by the statute, is delivered to the clerk of the trial court for the purpose of making the requisite service on him and having such notice filed and returned as part of the record on appeal, and it is so ■filed and returned, the calls of the statute in regard thereto are amply satisfied, and the notice, with the clerk’s indorsement thereon, shows prima facie the jurisdictional requisite •as to such service.

It would require an exceedingly strict construction of the statute to reach the conclusion that there must be a notice of appeal served by copy on the attorney for the adverse party and on the clerk of the trial court, and that such notice, with proof of such service, must be filed with such clerk and by him certified to this court in order to confer jurisdiction upon it. The delivery to the proper clerk of a notice of appeal for the purpose of complying with the appeal statute, constitutes a literal compliance therewith, and the clerk’s filing thereon sufficiently proves the service. The return of the notice served and filed complies, literally, with the statute requiring the notice of appeal to be so returned. The motion to dismiss the appeal is denied.

The only error assigned on the merits of the appeal is the ■denial of payment of the expenses of administration out of the proceeds of the sale of one half of the real estate, after the expiration of the life estate of the wife of the testator. To support the decision of the trial court reliance is placed on secs. 2211, 2280, Stats. 1898. The first section provides that when a homestead shall not have been devised by the •owner it shall go to certain désignated heirs free from all claims against the estate except mortgages lawfully executed thereon and laborers’ and mechanics’ liens. The second section provides that when the homestead shall have been disposed of by will the devisee shall take the same free from all judgments and claims against the testator or "the estate, except mortgages lawfully executed thereon and mechanics’ and laborers’ liens, provided further- that in the -event of there being no widow or minor child, or other property than the homestead sufficient to pay the expenses ■of the last sickness, the funeral expenses, and the costs and charges of administering the estate, the homestead shall he liable therefor; and provided -further, that if the testator «hall leave no widow, child or grandchild, nor other property sufficient to pay his debts and liabilities, the homestead «hall be liable therefor.’ Neither of such sections goes further than to indicate the general policy of the law regarding the homestead, governing cases where a different disposition of 'it is not made by the testator. The first section does not apply because the deceased died testate; the «econd section does not govern if the testator expressly or by necessary implication charged the homestead' with the payment of the expenses of administration. There is nothing in the statutes depriving a person of the right to dispose of his homestead by will in any way he sees fit, subject to widow’s rights, to be asserted at her election. That right ■carries with it the power to subject the devised estate to such conditions as the testator may see fit to impose, such as the payment of debts or the expenses of administration. Turner v. Scheiber, 89 Wis. 1. The law in that regard was understood by the trial court, hence his decision that the interest in the homestead devised to Mary Ann Brown was subject to the debts of the deceased because charged upon it by the testator, in the light of a proper construction of the will, but otherwise, the expenses of administration.

Expenses of administration constitute a charge of the highest character against the estate in which they are in-•chrred. They take precedence of debts, even of such as. grow out of the last sickness, unless otherwise provided by ■statute. Woerner, Administration, §§ 356, 362. Such expenses are a necessary incident to the carrying out of the purpose of the testator, without which such purpose would he quite likely to fail in whole or in part. When the will requires a full administration of the estate and the conversion of some part of it into money for the payment of debts and legacies, it must be presumed that the incidents of such-purpose were in the mind of the testator when the will was drawn and were provided for by the will, in the absence of some clear language indicating a contrary intent. When a homestead is devised and nothing said about the payment of- expenses of administration, no presumption can be indulged in of a right to charge such homestead therewith,, because by the will and under the statute the property in such a situation goes directly to the devisee without the right of possession or control vesting in the executor at all;but where the will requires a sale of the homestead and a distribution of the proceeds in the payment of debts and legacies, thereby requiring a conversion of realty into personalty in the hands of the executor, it must follow that the necessary condition of such a situation will attach to-such money, namely, the payment of the expenses of administration, precedent to the rights of the beneficiaries of the fund, and that such was the testator’s will.

It follows that the will in question, properly construed,, charges the estate in remainder not devised to Phillip Madden with the payment of the legacies mentioned in the wilL and the debts of deceased and expenses of administration, and that the latter take precedence of such debts and legacies.

By the Oowri.— The judgment of the circuit court is reversed, and the cause remanded for further proceedings in accordance with this opinion.

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Dissenting Opinion

BaRdeeh, J.

I respectfully dissent from that portion of the decision in this case which denies the respondent’s motion to dismiss the appeal. It is conceded that the record. fails to show any service of 'the notice of appeal upon the clerk of the court in which the judgment appealed from was entered. The service of such notice was an essential requisite of the appeal,— made so by the statute, in language as plain as printed words can make it. Sec. 3049, Stats. 1898, says: “ An appeal must be taken by serving a notice in writing, signed by the appellant or his attorney, on the adverse party and on the clerk of the cou/rt in which the judgment or order appealed from is entered.” Presumably, the requirement that the notice should be served upon the clerk was put into the statute for some useful purpose. Sec. 2820 provides that such service may be made by delivery of a copy thereof to the clerk, or, if not found, at his office or residence. Respondent’s motion is based upon the fact that no such service has been made. Yates v. Shepardson, 37 Wis. 315, cited in the opinion, holds distinctly that cases can only be brought to this court by appeal in the manner prescribed by the statute. "When the record fails to show compliance therewith, unless such proof is furnished, clearly the appeal should be dismissed. If the record fails to show such a notice given, the presumption is that such notice was not given. If the legislature meant that filing the original notice with the clerk was sufficient notice to him, it would have been an easy matter to have said so. They did not say so. They said the appeal must be taken by service of a notice in writing upon the clerk. Tiling an original notice with him is no more a service upon him than it would be service on the attorney. He is made the legal custodian of the papers in the case, and they are to be filed with him after the usual steps have been taken to secure jurisdiction. To say that such filing is to be deemed equivalent to service upon him is contrary to the express requirements of the statute, and repugnant to all rules of practice in such cases. Against this construction of the law_I desire my protest to be entered.